Charles Mathias

Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. (July 24, 1922 – January 25, 2010) was an American politician and attorney.

Ann Bradford (1928–2012) was the daughter of former Massachusetts governor Robert F. Bradford.

Their children included sons Robert and Charles.

In 1942, during World War II, Mathias enlisted in the United States Navy and served at the rank of seaman apprentice.

After graduating from Frederick High School, Mathias graduated from Haverford College in Pennsylvania in 1944.

He was promoted to ensign in 1944 and served sea duty in the Pacific Ocean, including the recently devastated Hiroshima, from 1944 until he was released from active duty in 1946.

Following the war, Mathias rose to the rank of captain in the United States Naval Reserve.

He went on to attend Yale University and received a law degree from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1949.

Mathias briefly served as assistant Attorney General of Maryland from 1953 to 1954.

From 1954 to 1959, he worked as the City Attorney of Frederick, where he supported civil rights for African Americans.

He played a role in desegregating the local Opera House movie theater, which restricted African American seating to the back of the theater.

Mathias also worked to relocate the Frederick post office and helped protect a park in the city.

After studying law and serving in the United States Navy during World War II, Mathias worked as a lawyer and was elected to the state legislature in 1958.

In 1958, he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates, serving from 1959 to 1960.

As a delegate, he voted in favor of Maryland ratifying the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which secured African American rights following the American Civil War.

In 1958, Mathias married Ann Bradford, whom he met at a birthday party for his law school roommate Daniel Brewster.

He was also a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1959 to 1961, and of the United States House of Representatives, representing the Maryland's 6th congressional district of Maryland from 1961 to 1969.

With his support, the legislature ratified the amendment in 1959, nearly 100 years after it was first introduced.

In 1960, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Western Maryland.

On January 4, 1960, Mathias declared his candidacy for the House seat of Maryland's 6th congressional district.

He officially began his campaign in March, establishing public education and controls on government spending as two of his priorities should he be elected.

In the primary elections of May 1960, Mathias handily defeated his two rivals, garnering a 3–1 margin of victory.

Mathias' opponent in the general election was John R. Foley, a former judge who had unseated DeWitt Hyde in a Democratic landslide in the state two years prior.

Both candidates attacked each other's voting records, with Foley accusing Mathias of skipping more than 500 votes in the House of Delegates and having the "worst Republican record in Annapolis".

Mathias previously accused Foley of voting "present" (a de facto abstention) in the House too often, and argued Foley's inaction led to inflation and higher taxes.

Mathias prevailed over Foley on election day in November 1960, unseating the one-term incumbent and becoming the first representative from Frederick County since Milton Urner in 1883.

During his eight-year career in the House, Mathias established himself as a member of the liberal wing of the Republican Party, which was the most influential at the time.

He was re-elected three times (1962, 1964, 1966), serving in the House for eight years, where he aligned himself with the then-influential liberal wing of the Republican Party.

Mathias voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

He was the author of the "Mathias Amendment" to the unsuccessful 1966 civil rights bill on open housing.

Mathias was elected to the Senate in 1968, unseating the incumbent Democrat, Daniel Brewster, who twenty years earlier had been his roommate while attending the University of Maryland School of Law.

He continued his record as a liberal Republican in the Senate, and frequently clashed with the conservative wing of his party.

A Republican, he served as a member of the United States Senate, representing Maryland from 1969 to 1987.

For a few months in late 1975 and early 1976, Mathias considered running an insurgent presidential campaign in an attempt to stave off the increasing influence of conservative Republicans led by Ronald Reagan.

His confrontations with conservatives cost him several leadership positions in the Senate, including chairmanship of the Judiciary Committee.

Despite isolation from his conservative colleagues, Mathias played an influential role in fostering African American civil rights, ending the Vietnam War, preserving the Chesapeake Bay, and constructing the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

He retired from the Senate in 1987, having served in Congress for twenty-six years (eight years in the U.S. House of Representatives and eighteen years in the U.S. Senate).

, he remains the last Republican to have served as a U.S. Senator from Maryland.

Mathias was born in Frederick, Maryland, the son of Theresa (née Trail) and Charles McCurdy Mathias.

His father was politically active, and he was a descendant of several Maryland legislators, including Charles Edward Trail.