Carol Ann Duffy

Dame Carol Ann Duffy (born 23 December 1955) is a Scottish poet and playwright.

Duffy also wrote the poem "The Throne," which she composed for the 60th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation.

Duffy was educated in Stafford at Saint Austin's RC Primary School (1962–1967), St. Joseph's Convent School (1967–1970), and Stafford Girls' High School (1970–1974), her literary talent encouraged by two English teachers, June Scriven at St Joseph's, and Jim Walker at Stafford Girls' High.

She was a passionate reader from an early age, and always wanted to be a writer, producing poems from the age of 11.

When one of her English teachers died, she wrote:

When Duffy was 15, June Scriven sent her poems to Outposts, a publisher of pamphlets, where it was read by the bookseller Bernard Stone, who published some of them.

She applied to the University of Liverpool to be near him, and began a philosophy degree there in 1974.

She had two plays performed at the Liverpool Playhouse, wrote a pamphlet, Fifth Last Song, and received an honours degree in philosophy in 1977.

When she was 16, she met Adrian Henri, 39 at the time, one of the Liverpool poets, and decided she wanted to be with him; she then lived with him for 10 years until they split in 1982.

"He gave me confidence," she said, "he was great. It was all poetry, very heady, and he was never faithful. He thought poets had a duty to be unfaithful."

A trade unionist, he stood unsuccessfully as a parliamentary candidate for the Labour Party in 1983 in addition to managing Stafford F.C.

She won the National Poetry Competition in 1983.

Her collections include Standing Female Nude (1985), winner of a Scottish Arts Council Award; Selling Manhattan (1987), which won a Somerset Maugham Award; Mean Time (1993), which won the Whitbread Poetry Award; and Rapture (2005), which won the T. S. Eliot Prize.

Her poems address issues such as oppression, gender, and violence, in accessible language.

Carol Ann Duffy was born into a Roman Catholic family in the Gorbals, considered a poor part of Glasgow.

She was the daughter of Mary (née Black) and Frank Duffy, an electrical fitter.

Her mother's parents were Irish, and her father had Irish grandparents.

The eldest of five siblings, she has four brothers: Frank, Adrian, Eugene and Tim.

The family moved to Stafford, England, when Duffy was six years old.

Her father worked for English Electric.

She worked as poetry critic for The Guardian from 1988 to 1989, and was editor of the poetry magazine, Ambit.

In 1996, she was appointed as a lecturer in poetry at Manchester Metropolitan University, and later became creative director of its Writing School.

Duffy was almost appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1999 after the death of Ted Hughes, but lost out on the position to Andrew Motion.

Duffy said she would not have accepted the position at that time anyway, because she was in a relationship with Scottish poet Jackie Kay, had a young daughter, and would not have welcomed the public attention.

In the same year, she was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

She is a professor of contemporary poetry at Manchester Metropolitan University, and was appointed Poet Laureate in May 2009, and her term expired in 2019.

She was the first female poet, the first Scottish-born poet and the first openly lesbian poet to hold the Poet Laureate position.

She was appointed as Poet Laureate on 1 May 2009, when Motion's 10-year term was over.

Duffy was featured on the South Bank Show with Melvyn Bragg in December 2009 and on 7 December she presented the Turner Prize to artist Richard Wright.

Duffy received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2009.

Her second, "Last Post", was commissioned by the BBC to mark the deaths of Henry Allingham and Harry Patch, the last remaining British soldiers to fight in World War I. Her third, "The Twelve Days of Christmas 2009", addresses current events such as species extinction, the climate change conference in Copenhagen, the banking crisis, and the war in Afghanistan.

In March 2010, she wrote "Achilles (for David Beckham)" about the Achilles tendon injury that left David Beckham out of the English football team at the 2010 FIFA World Cup; the poem was published in The Daily Mirror and treats modern celebrity culture as a kind of mythicisation.

"Silver Lining," written in April 2010, acknowledges the grounding of flights caused by the ash of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull.

On 30 August 2010 she premièred her poem "Vigil" for the Manchester Pride Candlelight Vigil in memory of LGBTQ people who have lost their lives to HIV/AIDS.

Duffy wrote a 46-line poem, "Rings," for the 2011 wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton.

The poem celebrates the rings found in nature and does not specifically mention the couple's names.

It begins for both to say and continues: "I might have raised your hand to the sky / to give you the ring surrounding the moon / or looked to twin the rings of your eyes / with mine / or added a ring to the rings of a tree / by forming a handheld circle with you, thee, / ...".

She wrote the verse with Stephen Raw, a textual artist, and a signed print of the work was sent to the couple as a wedding gift.

In 2015, Duffy was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy.

In her first poem as poet laureate, Duffy tackled the scandal over British MPs' expenses in the format of a sonnet.