Carlos Almaraz

Carlos D. Almaraz (October 5, 1941 – December 11, 1989) was a Mexican-American artist and a pioneer of the Chicano art movement.

Almaraz was born on October 5, 1941, in Mexico City, Mexico to parents Roe and Rudolph Almaraz.

His family moved when he was a young child, settling in Chicago, Illinois, where his father owned a restaurant for five years and worked in Gary Steel mills for another four.

The neighborhood Almaraz and his brothers Rudolph Jr. and Ricky were raised in was multicultural, which led him to appreciate the melting pot of American culture.

During his youth in Chicago, the family traveled to Mexico City frequently, where Almaraz reports having his "first impression of art" that "was both horrifying and absolutely magical", in other words "Sublime".

When Almaraz was age nine, his family moved to Los Angeles on a doctor's recommendation that his father seek a warm climate to assuage his rheumatism, and also as a result of family problems, first settling in Wilmington, later moving to the then-rural Chatsworth, where they lived in communal housing with other Mexicans.

The family then relocated to Beverly Hills, and later to the barrio of East Los Angeles.

Almaraz's interest in the arts, nascent in Chicago, blossomed after his family moved to California, and the sense of mobility developed after so many moves later allowed him to connect with migrant farmworkers and their children.

He graduated from Garfield High School in 1959 and attended Los Angeles City College, studying under David Ramirez, and took summer classes at Loyola Marymount University.

Loyola offered him a full scholarship, but he declined it in protest of the university's support of the Vietnam War and stopped professing the Catholic faith altogether.

He attended California State University, Los Angeles (CalState LA), where he befriended Frank Romero.

He became discouraged by the structure of the art department at CalState LA.

Almaraz began attending night courses at the Otis College of Art and Design (then known as Otis Art Institute), studying under Joe Mugnaini.

In 1965, Almaraz moved to New York City, with Dan Guerrero, the son of Lalo Guerrero.

He left after six months to take advantage of a scholarship offered him by Otis Art Institute.

He returned to New York and lived there from 1966 to 1969, where he struggled as a painter in the middle of the New Wave movements of the era.

While in New York, he also wrote poetry and philosophy.

Almaraz's poems and philosophical views have been published in fifty books.

After returning to California, Almaraz almost died in 1971, and was given the last rites.

It has been said that he had an experience with God during his convalescence.

By 1972, he was already involved with Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers (UFW).

In 1973, he was one of four artists who formed the influential artist collective known as Los Four.

In 1974, he earned an MFA degree from the Otis College of Art and Design.

Almaraz studied arts at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

In 1974, Judithe Hernández, who was a friend and classmate from graduate school at Otis Art Institute became the fifth member and the only woman in Los Four.

With the addition of Hernández, the collective exhibited and created public art together for the next decade and have been credited with bringing Chicano art to the attention of mainstream American art institutions.

He also painted for Luis Valdez's Teatro Campesino.

Some of his murals are heavily influenced by the actos from Teatro Campesino.

His "Echo Park" series of paintings, named after a Los Angeles park of the same name, became known worldwide and have been displayed in many museums internationally.

His Echo Park suite has been described as "primarily a synthesis of Monet, Van Gogh, and various California influences.... These paintings... show a dynamic range of color and lighting effects, from primarily dark on the left to primarily light on the right. The leftmost panel in particular demonstrates how visually exciting it could be to pierce dark fields with bright light.... Forms could be dissolved or agglomerated by rough, ragged brushstrokes. In this suite, Almaraz "freed color to become arbitrary and expressive: orange stars in the right three panels became mostly green in the left panel.

Echo Park is a celebration of beauty, wonder, and love.

Most of the people are romantic couples; they are paired in boats, by the side of the lake, on the bridge, and even as a bride and groom in the center, under what could very well be a statue of Venus.

Almaraz transformed Echo Park into an Island of Cythera, from which one never has to disembark.

The thick, textured palm trunks in the center even evoke Rococo columns."

He was one of the founder of the Centro de Arte Público (1977–1979), a Chicano/Chicana arts organization in Highland Park, Los Angeles.

On November 12, 1978, Almaraz wrote "Because love is not found in Echo Park, I'll go where it is found".

While Almaraz may not have found love at Echo Park, he certainly found inspiration to produce paintings there: he lived close to the park, having a clear view of the park from his apartment's window.

Another of Almaraz's works, named "Boycott Gallo", became a cultural landmark in the community of East Los Angeles.

During the late 1980s, however, "Boycott Gallo" was brought down.

Six Almaraz works are in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, several are in the Cheech Marin Center for Arts and Culture in Riverside, CA, and one is in the Whitney Museum of American Art.