Bob Massie

Robert Kinloch "Bob" Massie IV (born August 17, 1956) is an American activist, author, clergyman and early pioneer in the fields of corporate accountability, finance, sustainability, and climate change.

He has created or led several organizations, including Ceres, the Global Reporting Initiative, the Investor Network on Climate Risk, the New Economy Coalition and the Sustainable Solutions Lab.

His early activism centered on opposition to South Africa's apartheid regime, writing about the relationship between the U.S. and South Africa in the apartheid era.

As a result of this experience, his father, Robert Massie Sr., wrote Nicholas and Alexandra (1967), a biography of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, whose son and heir Alexis also had hemophilia.

Massie's understanding of the impact of the disease led to a dramatic reinterpretation of the influence of the Russian monk Rasputin and of the flawed actions of the royal couple that led, in part, to the Bolshevik revolution.

Massie's book was a bestseller and spent nearly a year on the New York Times' bestseller list and was made into a film Nicholas and Alexandra.

Bob Massie's parents also wrote a more personal account of their son's challenges, titled Journey.

Until 1968 the only treatment was regular intravenous transfusions of blood factors that were both extremely expensive and difficult to store and administer.

The development of more affordable and easily administered blood factors greatly improved Massie's care but his childhood joint damage was not reversible.

From 1968 to 1972 the family lived in France, where better and more accessible health care helped Massie regain the ability to walk This experience shaped Massie's political views, including his lifelong advocacy for national health insurance in the United States.

In 1974 Massie entered Princeton University, graduating magna cum laude in 1978 with a degree in history.

While at Princeton he was active in the student movement for Princeton's divestiture from South Africa, and campaigned for equal access to university dining clubs, many of which did not admit women as members.

After completing his high school requirements a year early, Massie took a gap year to work as an intern for US Senator Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson on the Senate Investigations Subcommittee, continuing his employment during the summers of 1975 and 1976.

Though only 17 years old, he wrote a ground-breaking report for Senator Jackson in which he warned of the dangers of the contamination of the blood supply by dangerous viruses such a hepatitis A and B. Senator Jackson launched an early investigation into these practices but was blocked by US Senator Charles Percy (R-IL) on behalf of the pharmaceutical manufacturers in the state of Illinois.

The delay in blood screening eventually led to more than 8,000 thousand deaths in the U.S. along (footnote needed).

Massie himself eventually contracted HIV and Hepatitis from tainted blood transfusions before effective screening was put in place.

Later, as an officer of his alumni class he established the Class of 1978 Foundation, one of the first university foundations to fund direct summer service for students.

He took one year off from his theological studies to work for Ralph Nader at Congress Watch, where he was the research director for a project called Big Business Day, which took place on April 17, 1980.

In conjunction with Mark Green He also compiled and edited The Big Business Reader [New York: Pilgrim Press, 1980]

Born in New York City, Massie is the son of historians Robert K. Massie, winner of the 1981 Pulitzer Prize for biography; and Suzanne Massie, who worked in forming the relationship between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev.

Massie was born with severe classical hemophilia, also known as "Factor VIII hemophilia", a genetic disease that prevents the blood from clotting.

Though many associate hemophilia with uncontrolled external bleeding through cuts, the most severe consequence was internal joint bleedings.

Such bleedings cause rapid and extremely painful swelling.

Recovery and reabsorption of blood took weeks, during which the internal joints surfaces were corroded.

As a result, Massie used leg braces and a wheelchair from the ages of 5 to 12.

After graduating from Princeton, he received his Master of Divinity (M.Div.) degree from Yale in 1982.

This experience sparked a deep interest in the role of business in American society, which led him to obtain a Doctor of Business Administration from Harvard in 1989.

After completing school, Massie was ordained as an Episcopal priest, and became a chaplain at New York City's Grace Episcopal Church, where he founded a homeless shelter.

He later served as a chaplain at Christ Episcopal Church in Somerville, Massachusetts.

From 1989 to 1996 Massie lectured at Harvard Divinity School, and served as Director of the Project on Business Values and the Economy there.

His teaching and research led him into the field of sustainability before the term existed.

In 1993 Massie received a Senior Fulbright Research Award to spend time in South Africa, where he taught at the University of Cape Town.

In 1994 he also served as an official international observer during the first democratic elections in South Africa.

From 1996 to 2003 Massie served as the executive director of Ceres, a coalition of environmental groups and institutional investors in the United States.

He also proposed and led the creation of the Investor Network on Climate Risk (now known as the Ceres Investor Network on Climate and Sustainability) and the Institutional Investor Summit on Climate Risk, a gathering of public and private sector financial leaders held every two years at UN Headquarters in New York City.

His book Loosing the Bonds: The United States and South Africa In the Apartheid Years was completed over the next four years, and published by Doubleday in 1997.

It won the Lionel Gelber Prize for the Best Book on International Relations in 1998 and was reviewed favorably across the United States, including the New York Times.

In 1998, in partnership with the United Nations and major U.S. foundations, he co-founded the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) with Allen White.

In 2002, Massie was named one of the 100 most influential people in the field of finance by CFO magazine.

According to the most recent 2017 database, 10,613 organizations have produced 40,155 reports of which 26,675 are GRI reports.