Bill Grayden

Grayden's father participated in the landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915, and lost a lung after being shot by a Turkish sniper.

The marriage broke up and his mother gave the children their step-father's surname after she remarried.

Grayden is the maternal grandson of Western Australian businessman and politician Nat Harper.

William Leonard Grayden (born Wilbur Ives; 5 August 1920) is an Australian former politician.

Grayden was born Wilbur Ives on 5 August 1920 in Bickley, Western Australia.

He was one of three children born to Ethel May Harper and Aubrey Leonard Ives, including his younger brother David who also entered politics.

Grayden was educated at state schools and then at Perth Technical College, as part of an apprenticeship commenced in 1938 as a motor mechanic with Winterbottom Motors.

He attempted to enlist in the Australian Army when the Second World War broke out in September 1939, but was rejected.

He succeeded the following year after lying about his age.

He served on the Syrian campaign and then in 1942 was sent to New Guinea, where he took part in the Kokoda Track campaign, the Battle of Buna–Gona, and the Markham and Ramu Valley campaign.

He ended the war in Borneo and took part in the Battle of Balikpapan.

Grayden served a total of 43 years in State and Federal Parliament.

Grayden stood as an independent in the Division of Swan at the 1946 federal election.

He was a member of parliament across six decades, serving in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly (1947–1949, 1956–1993) and the Australian House of Representatives (1949–1954).

A World War II veteran, he served as a Liberal with the exception of a brief period as an independent.

At the 1947 Western Australian state election, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Middle Swan.

He was the youngest member of the parliament.

At the 1949 federal election, Grayden transferred to the Australian House of Representatives, winning the seat of Swan for the Liberals.

He stated his primary interest in parliament would be defence.

In October 1950 he sent whale meat from a station at Carnarvon to Canberra to be served on the parliamentary menu.

In December 1950 he announced "Operation Corks", a plan to test the impact of pollution from Fremantle Harbour by dropping hundreds of coloured corks into the Swan River.

He was re-elected at the 1951 election but defeated by Australian Labor Party (ALP) candidate Harry Web at the 1954 election.

Grayden initiated a number of publicity stunts during his time in parliament.

In 1953 Grayden led an expedition to Central Australia seeking evidence of the lost Leichhardt expedition.

It visited the area around the Rawlinson Ranges and returned with various indigenous and non-indigenous artefacts, though none linked to Leichhardt.

In 1956, Grayden returned to the Legislative Assembly, winning the seat of South Perth.

In 1956, he told parliament that the British nuclear tests at Maralinga "could mean death from sickness or starvation to 800 tribal aborigines", and that it would be difficult to warn them due to their nomadic nature.

In the same year he led a parliamentary enquiry into the state of remote indigenous peoples.

The resulting report by the select committee was tabled in December 1956, officially called the Report of the Select Committee appointed to Enquire into Native Welfare Conditions in the Laverton-Warburton Range Area, also known as the Grayden Report.

It brought to public consciousness the dreadful plight of many of the nomadic Wongi peoples, and after newspaper publicity the affair developed into what became known as the Warburton Ranges controversy, leading to much public discussion, lobbying of both federal and state governments, and Indigenous activism.

The latter contributed to a national movement campaigning for the rights of Indigenous Australians, including the formation of what is now known as Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI).

In February 1957, disappointed by the public reaction to the report, Grayden and Aboriginal pastor Douglas Nicholls returned to Ngaanyatjarra with a film camera to document the conditions.

The resulting film Their Darkest Hour (also titled Manslaughter), shown at public meetings around Australia, was said to have "variously shocked and enraged audiences" and has been called "one of the earliest examples of activist documentary in Australia".

Grayden also released a book of black and white photographs titled Adam and Atoms.

He stood as an unendorsed Liberal against the endorsed Liberal and Country League (LCL) candidate, and was re-elected as an "independent Liberal" at the 1959 election, again defeating an endorsed candidate.

He subsequently was admitted as an LCL member.

Grayden had a strong interest in indigenous affairs.

Grayden was a backbencher in federal parliament, but later held ministerial office in the state government of Charles Court (1974–1978, 1980–1982).

His brother David and grandfather Nat Harper were also members of parliament.

Grayden joined the 2/16th Infantry Battalion as a private, but was soon promoted to corporal and then selected to attend Officer Training School in Bonegilla.