Avi Weiss

Avraham Haim Yosef (Avi) haCohen Weiss (אברהם חיים יוסף הכהן ווייס; born June 24, 1944) is an American Open Orthodox ordained rabbi, author, teacher, lecturer, and activist who led the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale in The Bronx, New York until 2015.

He is the founder of Yeshivat Chovevei Torah for men and Yeshivat Maharat for women, rabbinical seminaries that are tied to Open Orthodoxy, a breakaway movement that Weiss originated, which is to the left of Modern Orthodox Judaism and to the right of Conservative Judaism.

He is co-founder of the International Rabbinic Fellowship, a rabbinical association that is a liberal alternative to the Orthodox Rabbinical Council of America, and founder of the grassroots organization Coalition for Jewish Concerns – Amcha.

Semikhah (rabbinical ordination) of women by Weiss' movement has been a source of friction within Orthodox Judaism.

Weiss was an early leader of the Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry, founded in 1964.

It was one of the first American organizations working to free Russian Jews, who were not allowed to emigrate during the Soviet era.

The group used demonstrations, lobbying, and education to pressure the Soviet authorities into allowing Jews to leave the country.

Avi Weiss received his semikhah (rabbinical ordination) at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University in 1968.

During the 1970s and 1980s Weiss was best known for his slogan "1 2 3 4; Open up the Iron Door".

The Hebrew Institute of Riverdale (HIR) was founded in 1971 in a boiler room of the Whitehall Building off the Henry Hudson Parkway by former members of the Hebrew Institute of University Heights in the Bronx who had moved to Riverdale.

Weiss, who had finished his training at Yeshiva University a few years earlier and held pulpits in Creve Coeur, Missouri and Monsey, New York, became the synagogue's rabbi in 1973.

The congregation has grown to 850 families, and has served as a platform for Weiss's rabbinical advocacy.

In 1992 he founded Amcha – the Coalition for Jewish Concerns, a grassroots coalition engaging in pro-Jewish activism.

Weiss's lifetime of activism is presented in the documentary Righteous Rebel: Rabbi Avi Weiss.

In 1997, Weiss started a new religious movement which he called Open Orthodoxy, which is to the left of Modern Orthodox Judaism and to the right of Conservative Judaism.

Weiss noted that the latter "is generally not composed of ritually observant Jews."

In 1999 Weiss founded Yeshivat Chovevei Torah (YCT), a rabbinic seminary in the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx after resigning from Yeshiva University, where he had taught at Stern College for Women for decades.

The school's graduates work as rabbis in synagogues, college Hillels and schools, but the RCA does not permit membership to the school's graduates unless they have also been ordained by a traditional Orthodox rabbinical school.

A response to his "Holocaust Symbols or Objects of Worship" article in the March/April 2002 issue of Martyrdom and Resistance was printed in the September/October issue.

The 2-section article acknowledged that "the most trustworthy guardian of the memory .. is to be found in Judaism itself, in its liturgy and its religious calendar."

The closing challenged Weiss to accept her idea of wearing a "yellow six-sided star ... for a few moments every year."

In May 2009, Weiss announced the opening of Yeshivat Maharat, a new school to train women, bestowing upon them the title Maharat, which he himself created.

Sara Hurwitz was appointed dean of Yeshivat Maharat.

Along with Marc D. Angel, Weiss co-founded the International Rabbinic Fellowship.

Founded as an alternative to the Orthodox RCA, the organization was designed to accept YCT graduates.

Rabbis associated with the Orthodox Union, RCA and Modern Orthodox Judaism have opposed Weiss' Open Orthodoxy.

Some have criticized his ordination of women rabbis as being incongruous with Orthodox Judaism, the stream of Judaism from which Weiss received his own semikhah.

Agudath Israel of America, while denouncing moves to ordain women, went a step further.

In 2013, Newsweek ranked Weiss the 10th most prominent rabbi in the United States, climbing from number 11 in 2012 and number 12 in 2011, after being ranked number 18 in 2010.

In June 2013, Weiss handed over the presidency of YCT to Chicago rabbi Asher Lopatin.

On June 29, 2015, Weiss resigned from the Rabbinical Council of America (RCA) in protest over their decision to not accept graduates of his rabbinical seminary into the organization.

Weiss stepped down from the pulpit in July 2015, and Steven Exler became HIR's senior rabbi.

Weiss continues to remain on the synagogue's staff.

On one Friday night, the synagogue introduced "the first woman to lead this service in an established Orthodox synagogue in front of a mixed congregation."

On November 3, 2015 the Moetzes of Agudath Israel of America declared Open Orthodoxy, YCT, Yeshivat Maharat and other affiliated entities to be similar to other dissident movements throughout Jewish history in having rejected basic tenets of Judaism.

Still, Weiss has his defenders.

Weiss has encountered difficulties from the Israeli Rabbinate in regards to the acceptability of his conversions to Judaism.

Weiss has been vocal on many issues, including emigration and absorption of Soviet Jews, clemency for Jonathan Pollard, supporting Israel, preserving Holocaust memorials, and exposing antisemitism.

In 2015, Weiss published his memoir detailing his efforts to liberate Soviet Jews, Open Up the Iron Door: Memoirs of a Soviet Jewry Activist.

The book focuses on how grassroots activism and acts of civil disobedience led to important policy changes for the Soviet Jews.