Anthony Crosland

His maternal grandfather was Frederick Edward Raven (1837–1903), founder of the Raven Exclusive Brethren and secretary of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich.

He grew up in north London and was educated at Highgate School and at Trinity College, Oxford, obtaining a second class honours degree in Classical Moderations in Greek and Latin Literature.

Charles Anthony Raven Crosland (29 August 1918 – 19 February 1977) was a British Labour Party politician and author.

A social democrat on the right wing of the Labour Party, he was a prominent socialist intellectual.

In the spring of 1941, Crosland was commissioned in the Royal Welch Fusiliers, and in late 1942 he joined (as part of the 6th (Royal Welch) Parachute Battalion) the 2nd Parachute Brigade, which was part of the 1st Airborne Division.

In September 1943, he participated in the landings at Taranto, Operation Slapstick.

Crosland had his first direct experience of combat in Italy in December.

He then became an intelligence officer gathering information for several months in the front line about troop movements at the Battle of Monte Cassino, and was also briefly involved in the Allied invasion of southern France as part of Operation Rugby in August 1944.

He ended the war as a Captain.

After the war, Crosland returned to Oxford University and obtained first class honours in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, which he studied in 12 months; he also became President of the Oxford Union.

He then became a university don at Oxford, tutoring in Economics.

Notable people he taught at Oxford included Tony Benn, Norris McWhirter and Ross McWhirter.

Crosland, who had been talent-spotted by Hugh Dalton, was chosen as a Labour candidate in December 1949 to fight the next general election.

Having served as Member of Parliament (MP) for South Gloucestershire from 1950 to 1955, Crosland returned to Parliament for Great Grimsby (1959–1977).

He entered Parliament at the February 1950 general election, being returned for the South Gloucestershire constituency.

He held that seat until the 1955 general election, when he was defeated at Southampton Test.

His influential book The Future of Socialism (1956) argued against many Marxist notions and the traditional Labour Party doctrine that expanding public ownership was essential to make socialism work, arguing instead for prioritising the end of poverty and improving public services.

He offered positive alternatives to both the right wing and left wing of the Labour Party.

Crosland returned to the House of Commons at the 1959 general election when he was elected for Grimsby, which he would represent for the rest of his life.

He was, like Roy Jenkins and Denis Healey, a friend and protégé of Hugh Gaitskell, and together they were regarded as the "modernisers" of their day.

From June 1960, Crosland played an important part in the establishment of the Campaign for Democratic Socialism, a right-wing grassroots group within the Labour Party, created, in part, as a response to the debates around the Left's advocacy of unilateral nuclear disarmament and Clause IV.

However, Crosland was against Gaitskell's attempts to change Clause 4.

Even though they were from the same wing of the party, the thought of the Labour Party being led by the volatile George Brown appalled Crosland, but he also was a critic of Harold Wilson for his apparent lack of principles.

Just over two years earlier Wilson had challenged Gaitskell for the party leadership.

Although critical of Harold Wilson, and angry with him for his 1960 challenge to Gaitskell for the party leadership, Crosland respected him as a political operator.

Crosland nominated and voted for James Callaghan in the leadership contest caused by Gaitskell's death on 18 January 1963.

He rationalised his decision to back Callaghan on the basis that "We have to choose between a crook (Harold Wilson) and a drunk (George Brown)".

However, Callaghan was eliminated after obtaining 41 votes, the margin in votes between Wilson and Brown in the final ballot.

Wilson won by 144 votes to Brown's 103 on 14 February 1963.

During Harold Wilson's governments of 1964–1970 he served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury (1964), then Minister of State for Economic Affairs (1964–1965).

Under Wilson, Crosland was first appointed Brown's deputy in October 1964.

Entering the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Education and Science (1965–1967), he led the Labour campaign to replace grammar schools with comprehensive schools that did not use the eleven-plus for the selection of pupils.

He later served as President of the Board of Trade (1967–1969), then Secretary of State for Local Government and Regional Planning (1969–1970).

When Labour returned to power he served as Secretary of State for the Environment (1974–1976) and briefly as Foreign Secretary (1976–1977).

In that role he promoted détente with the Soviet Union.

He died suddenly in February 1977 of a cerebral haemorrhage, aged 58.

Crosland was born at St Leonards-on-Sea in East Sussex.

His father, Joseph Beardsall Crosland, was a senior official at the War Office, and his mother, Jessie Raven, was an academic.

Both of his parents were members of the Plymouth Brethren.

With Callaghan eliminated, Crosland's second wife wrote in her 1982 biography, he voted for George Brown in the second ballot, although with zero enthusiasm, and with little interest about the result, as he was opposed to both of the candidates now standing for the party leadership.