Annise Parker

Annise Danette Parker (born May 17, 1956) is an American politician who served as the 61st Mayor of Houston, Texas, from 2010 until 2016.

Parker was born in Houston on May 17, 1956, and grew up in the community of Spring Branch, where she attended public schools.

Her mother was a bookkeeper, and her adoptive father worked for the Red Cross.

She lived briefly in Mississippi and South Carolina.

In 1971, when Parker was 15, her family moved to a U.S. Army post in Mannheim, Germany for two years.

In Germany, she volunteered in the Red Cross youth service organization and worked at the post library.

Growing up, Parker was extremely shy and suffered from extreme anxiety.

Her family even nicknamed her "turtle", and she maintains a turtle collection today.

Parker began attending Rice University on a National Merit scholarship in 1974, working several jobs to pay for her room and board.

While at Rice, Parker founded a lesbian student group.

A member of Jones College, she graduated in 1978 with a bachelor's degree in anthropology, psychology and sociology.

In addition, she co-owned Inklings Bookshop with business partner Pokey Anderson from the late 1980s until 1997 and served as president of the Neartown Civic Association from 1995 to 1997.

In 1986 and 1987, she was president of the Houston GLBT Political Caucus.

Parker ran unsuccessfully for City Council District C in 1991 and again in 1995, finishing third in the special election for At-Large position 4, the seat vacated by Sheila Jackson Lee after her election to Congress.

In 1997, Parker prevailed in the runoff election for At-Large position 1 to become Houston's first openly gay elected official.

She also served as an at-large member of the Houston City Council from 1998 to 2003 and city controller from 2004 to 2010.

She was re-elected twice to the same seat in 1999 and 2001 without being forced to a run-off.

As a councilmember, she was recognized as "Councilmember of the Year" by the Houston Police Officers Union and earned the "Distinguished Local Elected Official Award" from the Texas Recreational and Park Society.

In 2003, Parker was elected City Controller.

In 2005, Parker completed Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government program for Senior Executives in State and Local Government as a David Bohnett LGBTQ Victory Institute Leadership Fellow.

Prior to serving as an elected official, Parker worked in the oil and gas industry as a software analyst for over 20 years, including 18 years at Mosbacher Energy.

She was re-elected in 2005 and 2007 unopposed.

In addition, Parker also secured a seat for a controller's appointee on the Houston Municipal Pension System Board of Trustees, marking the first time the city's chief financial officer has had any involvement in the pension system."

In 2009, Parker announced her candidacy for the office of Mayor of Houston in a video posted online to her campaign website.

She was endorsed by several organizations and campaigned on a platform of better city security and financial efficiency.

Other people who were in the running for mayor included Houston City Council Member Peter Hoyt Brown and Harris County school board trustee Roy Morales; they were eliminated from the race on November 3, 2009.

She entered the run-off election with the most votes to face former Houston City Attorney Gene Locke who garnered the second most votes.

In the general election, the city's primary newspaper endorsed both Parker and Locke.

During the run-off election, Parker was endorsed by former rival Peter Hoyt Brown.

The city's primary newspaper, the Houston Chronicle, endorsed Parker over Locke citing her experience.

Parker was elected mayor on December 12, 2009, and assumed office on January 2, 2010.

Houston became the largest U.S. city ever to have an openly gay individual serve as mayor.

After the election, Parker declared that the top priorities of her administration would be improving transportation, balancing the city's budget, and selecting a new police chief.

In the 2011 election, Parker won a second term as Houston's Mayor by defeating Fernando Herrera, Jack O'Connor, Dave Wilson, Kevin Simms, and Amanda Ulman without a runoff.

In November 2013, Parker won a third term as Houston's Mayor by winning 57.22% of the vote, making a runoff unnecessary.

On May 28, 2014, the Houston City Council passed the Houston Equal Rights Ordinance (HERO) which was authored by Parker, by a vote of 11 to 6.

Mayor Parker had certified that "there exists a public emergency requiring that this Ordinance be passed finally on the date of its introduction".

Following the voter-approval of Proposition 2 on November 3, 2015, which extended the terms of the Mayor, City Controller, and City Councilmembers to two four-year terms, Parker became the last Houston Mayor to be limited to serving three two-year terms.

Due to term limits, she was not eligible to run for a fourth term, so did not enter the 2015 Houston mayoral election, and was succeeded on January 2, 2016, by state legislator Sylvester Turner, who became the city's second African American mayor.

Parker was Houston's second female mayor (after Kathy Whitmire), and one of the first openly gay mayors of a major U.S. city, with Houston being the most populous U.S. city to elect an openly gay mayor until Lori Lightfoot was elected mayor of Chicago in 2019.