Andrea Zittel

Andrea Zittel (born 1965) is an American artist based in Joshua Tree, CA whose practice encompasses spaces, objects and modes of living in an ongoing investigation that explores the questions "How to live?"

and "What gives life meaning?"

Her work has been described as an "expansive approach to art and space making, creating social sculptures that traverse boundaries between art, architecture, design and technology."

Her installations, wearables and sculptures transform the necessities of daily living, such as eating, socializing, sleeping and bathing, "into artful experiments and scenarios for new ways of living.”

Born in Escondido, California, in 1965, Zittel graduated from San Pasqual High School in 1983.

Zittel received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting and sculpture from San Diego State University in 1988, and an MFA in sculpture from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1990.

In the early 1990s, Zittel began making art in response to her own surroundings and daily routines, creating functional objects relating to shelter, furniture, and clothing "in an ongoing endeavor to better understand human nature and the social construction of needs."

It was then she began working under the name "A-Z Administrative Services," which evolved into the A-Z Enterprise that continues to encompass all aspects of day-to-day living.

Home furniture, clothing, food all become the sites of investigation in an ongoing endeavor to better understand human nature.

Zittel reconsiders the significance of given social structures, revealing that what may seem fixed and rational is often arbitrary.

"What I'm interested in," Zittel said, "is that each person examines his own goals, talents and options, and then based on these begins to invent new models or roles to fulfill his or her needs."

In the early 1990s Zittel's Brooklyn studio became a showroom testing ground known as "A-Z East," where she would prototype and live with her experimental designs for living.

In 1991 she made the first of her "A-Z Six-Month Personal Uniforms"—garments that she wore every day for six-month periods of time.

Like the uniforms, many of Zittel's projects embody and establish a set of strict rules for living; however, she suggests that these systems can instead allow for more freedom and creativity.

"What makes us feel liberated is not total freedom, but rather living in a set of limitations that we have created and prescribed for ourselves"

In 1992 Zittel produced the "A-Z Management and Maintenance Unit", her first "Living Unit"— experimental structures intended to reduce everything necessary for living into a simple, compact system —as a means of facilitating basic activities within her 200-square-foot (19 m2) Brooklyn storefront apartment.

The unit contains a small dining booth, plastic sink, stovetop, closet, sleeping cot, and stool—fulfilling basic domestic needs of eating, sleeping, cleaning and storage.

Though often recalling mass-produced commodities, Zittel's "Living Units" are in actuality highly personal, customized for individual needs.

Zittel's works encourage a greater personal and social responsibility in prompting an active re-examination of needs and routines.

"Where on the one hand, mass production may cause greater equality by making the same goods available to everyone," Zittel said, "on the other hand it diminishes individuality and identity. What we as consumers must do is to redefine our objects within the context of our own needs."

With increasingly abstract and large-scale works––Personal Panel Uniforms (1995-1998), Carpet Furniture, Parallel Planar Panels, Planar Pavilions, Planar Configurations, and Linear Sequences––Zittel questions preconceptions regarding the functional, psychological, and even spiritual meanings of horizontality and verticality.

While some of her modernist-inspired products were designed with the intention of streamlining daily routines, others, such as Zittel's "Escape Vehicles" (1996), appeal to fantasies of isolating oneself from the outside world.

In 1998 Zittel developed her "Rules of Raugh" (pronounced raw) along with a new series of living environments and furniture.

Compared to earlier goals of simplification and efficiency, the Raugh works, while also multipurpose in nature, embrace an unfinished and low-maintenance aesthetic.

"Raugh is a witty and wise addition to Zittel's investigation of the interplay between modernist esthetics, efficiency, and social determinism."

In 1999, the Public Art Fund commissioned Andrea Zittel to create a site-specific project for New York's Central Park.

"Point of Interest", her first public project, located at the southeast entrance to the park, comprised two giant, faux rocks—constructed from steel armatures covered in concrete—emerging from the ground.

The installation served as a reminder that the park is a meticulously planned natural environment, while providing visitors with an alternative to the typical park bench.

That same year, Zittel created "A-Z Pocket Property," a 44-ton floating concrete island anchored off the coast of Denmark, which was commissioned by the Danish government.

The artist lived on the "fantasy island" for one month as an experiment in escapism and isolation.

In 2000, Zittel relocated her home and studio from Brooklyn, NY to a parcel of land in the California desert near to Joshua Tree National Park.

She purchased five acres of desert for $40,000.

There she continues to develop her life project, "A-Z West", a testing grounds for her work and ideas, and site whose environment, structure and elements shape an intentional context for experience.

The grounds consist of over 50 acres, as well as several satellite properties, as site for numerous projects and structures including: Zittel's home/testing grounds, the Wagon Station Encampment, Regenerating Field, shipping container compound, A-Z West studio and weaving studio, the A-Z West guest cabin, a ten-acre parcel for High Desert Test Sites projects, and several adjacent parcels slated for future projects.

The original structure of Zittel's home in the Mojave Desert was a homestead cabin, built during the period of the Homestead Act.

While developing A-Z West, one of her first projects was the "Homestead Unit" (2001), a portable and compact structure that circumvents the necessity of a building permit due to their small size, recalling the structures mandated by the government with the Homestead Act.

Continuing an investigation of limited infrastructures, scattered throughout the A-Z West grounds are twelve "Wagon Stations," portable one-person shelters that accommodate residents each spring and fall.

Another primary exploration of Zittel's is around the concept of panels, or planes—the basic elements of our surrounding reality.

From Zittel's 2005 manifesto:

""What makes us feel liberated is not total freedom, but rather living in a set of limitations that we have created and prescribed for ourselves.""