Wu Guanzhong

Wu painted various aspects of China, including its architecture, plants, animals, people, as well as many of its landscapes and waterscapes, in a style reminiscent of the impressionist painters of the early 1900s.

He was also a writer on contemporary Chinese art.

Wu Guanzhong (29 August 1919 – 25 June 2010) was a contemporary Chinese painter widely recognized as a founder of modern Chinese painting.

He is considered to be one of the greatest contemporary Chinese painters.

Wu's artworks display both Western and Eastern influences, such as the Western style of Fauvism and the Eastern style of Chinese calligraphy.

Wu was born in a village in Yixing, Jiangsu province, in 1919.

His family wanted him to become a teacher, as his father had been.

In 1935, Wu passed the entrance exam and studied electrical engineering at Zhejiang Industrial School (浙江公立工业专门学校, a technical school of Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou.

While in engineering school, Wu met an art student named Zhu Dequn who was studying at the National Hangzhou Academy of Art.

During a trip to Zhu’s school, Wu got his first look at art and fell "madly in love" with it.

Against his father’s wishes, in 1936 he transferred to the art academy, studying both Chinese and Western painting under Pan Tianshou (1897–1971), Fang Ganmin (1906–1984) and Li Chaoshi (1893-1971).

Wu went through many trials and challenges during his years in college before he could master his craft.

In 1937 the Sino-Japanese War began and the campus had to pick up and relocate in order to get out of the way of the invading Japanese army.

During the constant movement during the war, Wu was able to see many different locations.

He considered the adventures as a necessary journey to becoming a man and building his character.

Wu benefitted greatly from the many teachers who taught him to paint and the rough journey to becoming a man.

In 1942 he graduated from Hangzhou National Academy of Art and tried to find a job.

During the war jobs were hard to find and Wu took a part-time job as a substitute teacher.

He later found a job as a watercolor and drawing teacher in the Architecture Department of Chongqing University.

After Wu graduated he continued to hone his craft and studied with some of his old colleagues from school, like Zhu Dequn, Li Lincan and Zheng Wei.

Each of these friends continued their art careers and left their mark on the art scene.

In 1946 Wu applied for one of the two art study abroad spots and was the best applicant who applied; this was in part to his French language studies.

1947 traveled to Paris to study at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts on the government scholarship.

Even though France was still recovering from World War II, Wu was completely enthralled with the art he saw there.

He visited all of the city's major museums within the first few days of his arrival.

Wu was always a tremendous fan of French and European art.

While in Europe, Wu realized that the many cultural and religious differences between Europe and China made it difficult for him to understand and appreciate some of the art.

He took great interest in the modern art of France, especially Post-Impressionists such as van Gogh, Gauguin and Cézanne.

Wu loved van Gogh the most because of van Gogh’s passion for art and the internal torment he endured.

He also identified with the hardships that Gauguin felt when he left Paris for a South Pacific island in order to find his own personal ideal.

Wu's trip to France helped him grasp the idea of form and the basic meaning of art.

The study abroad trip also led to formalism becoming the basic underlying element of his art and studying in France helped him better understand formalism.

Wu returned to China in the summer of 1950 to the excitement that was brought by the new People’s Republic of China government.

The government assigned jobs to all of the returning students who came back after the new government took control.

Everyone felt anxious and excited to contribute to the building of a new nation.

Wu introduced aspects of Western art to his students at the Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing, where he taught from 1950 to 1953.

He was excited to be the first Chinese artist to return from France with knowledge and theoretical framework for French modernism.

While teaching, many peers criticized him because of jealousy over his job and because he was the only painter practicing formalism.

The Academy was known to have been dominated by social realism, and Wu was called "a fortress of bourgeois formalism".

The issues became so bad he could no longer stay at the Central Academy and transferred.