Ted Thorn (RAF officer)

On 24 August, in action against a formation of Junkers Ju 88 bombers which had just bombed RAF Manston, Thorn and Barker shot down one of the enemy, but Boulton Paul Defiant Mark I serial number ‘’N1535’’ (codes PS-A) was last seen chasing an enemy bomber out to sea, Philip Hunter the squadron commander and his gunner were posted missing when they failed to return.

Edward Rowland Thorn, (15 April 1913 – 12 February 1946), also known as Roland Thorn, was a Royal Air Force pilot, squadron commander and a notable flying ace of the Second World War.

He and his turret gunner shot down 12 enemy aircraft over the Dunkirk evacuation beaches and during the Battle of Britain.

Edward Rowland (or Roland) Thorn was born at North End, Hampshire on 15 April 1913, the son of Thomas Thorn, a chef from Newport, and his wife Ellen Maria.

In 1916, when Rowland was three, his father was killed in the First World War.

The two children were educated at local council schools in North End.

At home he was known as Roland, although in later life in the RAF he was known as Ted.

He trained to be a non-commissioned officer pilot and by the early 1930s had earned his pilot’s aircrew brevet.

On a second mission at 1930 hours they shot down another Ju 87 and another Bf 110; Shores also records a share in the destruction of a Heinkel He 111 bomber on that date.

In August 1939 he married Marion McAlpine, in Droxford, Hampshire.

The couple set up home in Bishop’s Waltham, Hampshire.

Thorn joined the Royal Air Force as an aircraft apprentice with the service number 562610 in 1928 and passed out from the No. 1 School of Technical Training RAF based at RAF Halton.

War broke out in September 1939 and one month later Thorne was posted to the newly formed No. 264 Squadron RAF at RAF Sutton Bridge to fly the Boulton Paul Defiant An unusual fighter for its era, the Defiant had a single engine but was armed with four .303 machine guns in a rear turret operated by an air gunner.

As the squadron began to take shape, its new commanding officer, Squadron Leader Philip Hunter, arrived.

Thorn had teamed up with leading aircraftman Frederick James Barker from Bow in London.

They formed part of the flight commanded by Nicholas Gresham Cooke.

In early operations the Defiant was often mistaken for the similarly shaped Hawker Hurricane by German pilots who dived to attack from above and behind, the blind spot for a Hurricane pilot, but directly into the fire from the gunner’s turret on a Defiant.

On 27 May 1940 Thorn and Barker are reported to have shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 109 near Dunkirk, but this is not mentioned in other records.

On 28 May 1940, just north of Dunkirk, their flight was attacked by a formation of Bf 109 fighters; handling his aircraft skillfully Thorn enabled Barker to shoot down three of them very quickly.

On 29 May 1940, again over Dunkirk, the crew were involved in 264 Squadron's major success when they went into combat at about 1515 hours, shooting down a Junkers Ju 87 dive bomber and a Messerschmitt Bf 110 twin-engined fighter at about 1515 hours.

On 31 May 1940, also over Dunkirk, they shot down two Heinkel He 111 bombers and damaged two more as the Luftwaffe attempted to prevent the beachhead evacuation operations.

Their flight commander, Nicholas Cooke, failed to return from that mission.

After the completion of the Dunkirk evacuation, the Luftwaffe had gained operational experience in fighting against the Defiant fighter and it had become an extremely vulnerable aircraft to operate in daylight against formations escorted by Bf 109 fighters.

The months after Dunkirk were spent rebuilding the squadron, which had suffered heavy losses, and preparing for the Battle of Britain, which was to come.

They moved to RAF Hornchurch to participate in the Battle of Britain, although seriously out-classed by the enemy.

On 14 June 1940 both Thorn and Barker were awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal for their bravery in action and success as a fighter crew.

Barker was also promoted to sergeant.

In five days of operations in the Battle of Britain against the attacking Luftwaffe from 24 to 28 August 1940, 264 Squadron was almost wiped out, losing three aircraft and crews on 24 August, three more on 26 August and three more on 28 August.

On 26 August 1940 at mid-day, Thorn and Barker were in action against the Luftwaffe bomber streams again and shot down two Dornier Do 17 bombers over Dover.

As they commenced an attack on a third Do 17, a Bf 109 attacked them, badly damaging their Defiant (serial number L7005).

Thorn dived quickly away to crash land the crippled aircraft, which had caught fire, but the Bf 109 came in for a second attack; Barker assisted a Hurricane in shooting it down, before he and Thorn baled out.

The aircraft crashed quite close to each other at Marshside, Kent near Chislet.

Thorn and Barker were both slightly wounded.

Thorn and Barker were the most successful Boulton Paul Defiant crew of the war.

The Royal Air Force recognised the vulnerability of the Boulton Paul Defiant on daylight operations and assigned its squadrons to night fighting.

In recognition of their success and great bravery during the Battle of Britain Thorn and Barker were both awarded a Bar to their Distinguished Flying Medals on 11 February 1941.

Flying as night fighters, Thorn and Barker destroyed a Heinkel He 111 on the night of 9 – 10 April 1941 as it took part in the Blitz on England’s cities.

The bomber crashed near Bushbridge, Surrey and was identified as an aircraft of 5 Staffel/KG 55.

By now an acting warrant officer, Thorn was commissioned pilot officer with service number 46957 on 11 October 1941 and assigned to No. 32 Squadron RAF flying Hurricane fighters and breaking up the successful partnership of Ted Thorn and Fred Barker.

Thorn survived the war but was killed in a crash of an early jet fighter in 1946.