Renato Vallanzasca

Renato Vallanzasca Costantini (born 4 May 1950) is a notorious Italian mobster from Milan who was a powerful figure in the Milanese underworld during the 1970s.

Following numerous robberies, kidnappings, murders, and many years as a fugitive, he is currently serving four consecutive life sentences with an additional 295 years in prison, but with permission to work outside during the day.

This enables him to go to work every morning in a workshop in the periphery of Milan, making bags from recycled material.

He is a local celebrity in Milan, famous for appealing to part of public opinion for his image linked to the "myth of the bandit".

Vallanzasca was born in Milan, in the Lambrate district where his mother owned a clothing store.

He was given the surname of his mother because his biological father, Osvaldo Pistoia, was already married to another woman by whom he had three children.

Vallanzasca became involved in vandalism and petty criminal activities early in his childhood.

His first arrest occurred at the age of eight for having tried to let a tiger out of its cage, which belonged to a circus that had tented near his house.

He was apprehended the following day and taken to Cesare Beccaria detention home.

Because of this act, he was legally compelled to move into an aunt's house, in via degli Apuli, in the district of Giambellino, in the southern periphery of Milan, practically on the opposite side of the city.

It was during this time that he formed his own gang of children involved in stealing and shoplifting.

In spite of his young age, Vallanzasca was already a gang leader and began to make a name for himself in the ligera, the old Milanese underworld, with whose members he quickly began to cooperate.

But shortly thereafter, resenting the rules and the "code" of the old criminal underworld, he decided to form his own criminal outfit called the Banda della Comasina, which soon grew to become the most powerful and ferocious gang in Milan during those years.

The Banda della Comasina was a strong rival and enemy to the gang which was headed by Francis Turatello.

Within a short period, Vallanzasca accumulated a lot of money due to the numerous robberies and thefts carried out by his gang, and began to live an extravagant lifestyle: he took to wearing expensive designer clothes, driving luxury cars and would usually be seen in the company of beautiful women.

His looks earned him the nickname "Il bel Renè" (the handsome/pretty Renè), a nickname he detested.

His smooth and successful criminal career was interrupted for the first time in 1972 when, 10 days after the robbery of a supermarket, he was arrested by men belonging to the squadra mobile (flying squad) headed by Achille Serra.

Serra later claimed that during the search of his house, Vallanzasca unstrung his gold Rolex wristwatch and put it on a table, telling him, "If you succeed in tying this to me, it is yours".

A few minutes later, warrant officer Oscuri found some shreds of paper in the dustbin, which, once put together, showed a list of salaries of the employees in the supermarket previously robbed.

In 1973, his girlfriend Ripalta Pioggia gave birth to their son, Massimiliano Domenico.

As a result, Vallanzasca was convicted and sent to the San Vittore penitentiary.

During the four and a half years of imprisonment, he unsuccessfully attempted to escape from the prison more than once.

He was also involved in numerous fights and beatings, and was also an active participant in the various prison riots which erupted in the local prison environment during this period.

These factors caused him to be transferred to 36 different prisons within a four-and-a-half-year period.

Eventually, he found a way of escaping by voluntarily contracting Hepatitis.

He did this by ingesting rotten eggs, injecting urine intravenously into his bloodstream and inhaling propane gas.

He was then transferred to the hospital, where he managed to escape with the help of a complacent policeman.

After his escape, on 25 July 1976, Vallanzasca was free again.

He still wanted money in the shortest time because he wanted to spend time with his girlfriend Ripalta and his son, Massimiliano; he spent about a month with them between Sorrento and Cilento before returning to hiding in Milan.

After leaving his son and girlfriend, Vallanzasca reassembled his old gang and began a series of new robberies, which totalled seventy.

These robberies caused several deaths, including those of four policemen, a doctor and a bank employee.

He also committed four kidnappings for ransom, two of which were never reported to the police.

One of the gang's victims was Emanuela Trapani, the daughter of a local Milanese entrepreneur who was held captive for over a month and a half, from December 1976 to January 1977, and then released upon the payment of a ransom of one billion in Italian currency.

This incident coupled with the killing on 6 February 1977 of two highway patrolmen near Dalmine, Luigi D'Andrea and Renato Barborini, who had stopped the car on which he was travelling to evade capture, caused him to flee Milan for Rome.

There he was again recaptured, on 15 February 1977 while still just 26 years old.

After his return to prison, in 1979 Vallanzasca married his new girlfriend, Giuliana Brusa.

His former enemy, Milanese crime boss Francis Turatello acted as best man, thus sealing a temporary alliance between the two.

On 28 April 1980, Vallanzasca again attempted to escape from the San Vittore Prison in Milan.

On 17 August 1981, Turatello was eventually assassinated at the Badu 'e Carros, the high-security prison in Nuoro, Sardinia, by a Neapolitan Camorrista Pasquale Barra, along with Vincenzo Andraus and Antonino Faro, two Sicilian Mafiosi from Catania, Sicily.

The hit had probably been ordered by Raffaele Cutolo, the boss of the Nuova Camorra Organizzata.