Regina M. Anderson

Regina M. Anderson (May 21, 1901 – February 5, 1993) was an American playwright and librarian.

She was of Native American, Jewish, East Indian, Swedish, and other European ancestry (including one grandparent who was a Confederate general); one of her grandparents was of African descent, born in Madagascar.

Despite her own identification of her race as "American," she was perceived to be African-American by others.

Influenced by Ida B. Wells and the lack of Black history teachings in school, Anderson became a key member of the Harlem Renaissance.

Regina Anderson was born in the Hyde Park section of Chicago, Illinois, to Margaret Simons Anderson and William Grant "Habeas Corpus" Anderson.

Her mother was a ceramicist, and her father was a skilled attorney.

Due to the success of her father, Anderson grew up in a respectable, upper-middle-class family.

After her parents' divorce, she was sent to live with her grandparents from her mother's side in Normal, Illinois.

After spending a few years in Normal, she journeyed back to Chicago and graduated from Hyde Park High School in 1919.

Anderson studied at the historically black college Wilberforce University and worked in its Carnegie Library.

After studying there for a year, Anderson returned home to Chicago and was hired as a junior library assistant at the Chicago Public Library in 1921.

A short time after, she moved to New York where she first settled in downtown Manhattan living at a YWCA.

Anderson moved to New York in 1922, at the age of 21, to apply for a librarian position at the New York Public Library.

Previously, she had worked in various libraries in and around Chicago.

Anderson helped to organize the Civic Club dinner of 1924 for Black New York intellectuals and writers.

Attended by 110 guests, including W. E. B. Du Bois, Jean Toomer, Countee Cullen, Charles S. Johnson, Hubert Thomas Delany, and Langston Hughes, the dinner was one of the coalescing events of the Harlem Renaissance.

Anderson and Du Bois co-founded the Krigwa Players (later Negro Experimental Theatre), a Black theater company that originally performed in the library's basement.

The Players produced her plays Climbing Jacob's Ladder (about a lynching) and Underground (about the Underground Railroad).

Anderson wrote both Climbing Jacob's Ladder and Underground under the pen name Ursala Trelling.

The Krigwa Players disbanded, and Anderson created the Harlem Experimental Theatre with Dorothy Peterson and Harold Jackman.

On April 10, 1926, Anderson married the Howard University and Columbia Law School grad William T. Andrews, from Sumter, South Carolina.

Andrews was an NAACP lawyer and New York assemblyman.

She was the first minority to climb the ranks and become a supervising librarian at the New York Public Library, at the 115th Street ranch in 1938, and her struggle to break the color barrier has earned her numerous accolades.

Regina Anderson was one of ten African-American women whose contributions were recognized at the 1939 World's Fair in New York.

The Women's Service League awarded Anderson a medal for being the first woman of color to serve as the head of a New York library branch.

While working at the Washington Heights branch library, Anderson served on the boards and committees of several organizations.

She was a Vice President of the National Council of Women of the United States and represented the National Urban League as a member of the United States National Commission for UNESCO.

In 1948, the couple adopted a daughter, Regina Ann, who was born in 1945.

Anderson traveled to West Germany, various countries in West Africa, and several Asian countries from 1958 through 1965.

She retired from the New York Public Library in 1966.

In 1968, Anderson was a consultant for the Metropolitan Museum of Art's exhibit Harlem on My Mind.

Later, Anderson wrote The Black New Yorkers partially due to her experience working on that exhibit.

Anderson outlived virtually all of the other members of the Harlem Renaissance.

She died at the Bethel Nursing Home in Ossining, a suburb of New York City.

In her will, she left thousands of dollars to organizations in New York, including the National Urban League, the NAACP, the National Council of Women of the United States, the American Council for Nationalities Services, and the Washington Heights Branch of the NYPL.

While staying at the YWCA, she applied to be a librarian at the 135th Street branch of the New York Public Library, working under the supervision of Ernestine Rose.

She shared an apartment in the Sugar Hill district of Harlem with Ethel Ray and Louella Tucker.

The women opened the space to the community, hosting salons, events, and gatherings for artists.

Located at 580 Saint Nicholas Avenue, the apartment became known as the "580," the "Dream Haven," and the "Harlem West Side Literary Salon."

Her first position in New York was at the 135th Street branch of the New York Public Library.