Peter Dowding

Peter McCallum Dowding SC (born 6 October 1943) is an Australian lawyer and former politician who was the 24th Premier of Western Australia from 25 February 1988 until his resignation on 12 February 1990.

Dowding was born on 6 October 1943 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

His parents were Keith McCallum Dowding, a high-profile Presbyterian minister and far-left political activist, and Marjorie Stuart D'Arcey, who died of suicide when Peter was eight.

He was educated at various schools in Australia and the United Kingdom, including Caulfield Grammar School in Melbourne, Kelvinside Academy in Glasgow, The Scots College in Sydney, and Hale School in Perth, Western Australia.

As a teenager, he joined the Australian Labor Party.

Keith was also a member of the Labor Party and had attempted to enter Federal Parliament several times, but he was expelled in the early 1960s for his opposition to the White Australia policy.

Dowding earned a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Western Australia in 1964, and was admitted to the bar in December 1966.

Between 1967 and 1972, he represented over 100 Vietnam War conscientious objectors, successfully defending over 30 of them.

He also represented protesters who had been arrested at the Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt, a U.S.-operated naval base in Exmouth.

The case gained notoriety when Dowding proved that the police officers involved in the incident had swapped their name badges to prevent them from being identified.

In 1968, Dowding entered into partnership as Paterson and Dowding, where he concentrated on family law, soon becoming the best divorce lawyer in Perth according to The Sydney Morning Herald.

In 1970, Dowding married his first wife, with whom he had two sons.

From March 1975 until April 1976, Dowding was on the Kalamunda Shire Council, and in 1976 and 1977, he worked as a notary public with the Aboriginal Legal Service in Port Hedland, during which he met his second wife, a Ngarluma woman from Roebourne.

He became a senior partner in 1977 and he sold out of the firm in 1980.

In 1977, he represented defeated Labor Party candidate Ernie Bridge in a landmark case in the Court of Disputed Returns.

At the 1977 state election, Bridge was defeated by Liberal candidate Alan Ridge by 93 votes in the electoral district of Kimberley.

The Liberal Party had worked to disenfranchise Aboriginal voters, many of whom were illiterate, by having lawyers stand outside polling stations to question their right to vote.

The court found that over 90 people were illegally prevented from voting, and so the results were overturned.

The resulting 1977 Kimberley state by-election saw Ridge win again.

He was a member of parliament from 1980 to 1990.

Dowding graduated from the University of Western Australia with a Bachelor of Laws, and he subsequently worked as a solicitor and barrister.

In 1980, he was elected to the North Province of the Western Australian Legislative Council, representing the Labor Party.

In 1980, he married his second wife, with whom he had one daughter and one son.

Ahead of the 1980 Western Australian state election, Dowding put himself forward to be the Labor candidate for the North Province, a Legislative Council seat which covered the northern side of the state, including the Pilbara and the Kimberley.

With no other Labor members seeking preselection, he was endorsed as the seat's Labor candidate.

At the election, he beat incumbent Liberal Party candidate John Tozer.

Dowding was well supported by the province's large Aboriginal population, having promised to help them gain land rights and self-management.

His term commenced on 22 May 1980.

He entered the Burke Cabinet when Labor won the 1983 state election and changed ministries several times over the ensuing years due to cabinet reshuffles.

Upon Labor's victory at the February 1983 state election under Brian Burke, Dowding was made the minister for mines and the minister for fuel and energy.

At the 1986 state election, Dowding transferred to the Legislative Assembly, winning the safe seat of Maylands.

In December 1987, Premier Brian Burke announced that he would resign on 25 February 1988.

Burke picked Dowding as his preferred replacement, with a secret opinion poll showing that he was the best candidate for the party to choose.

After several other contenders dropped out of the contest, Dowding was voted in unanimously as the party's leader on 30 December.

He was sworn in as the premier as scheduled on 25 February 1988.

Following controversy caused by WA Inc, Dowding became unpopular.

On 12 February 1990, he resigned as premier and leader of the Labor Party ahead of almost certain defeat in a Labor Party leadership spill.

He was replaced by Carmen Lawrence.

Dowding soon resigned from parliament, and went back to practising law.

The royal commission into WA Inc was scathing of Dowding, saying that he "presided over a disastrous series of decisions".