Olusegun Obasanjo

Chief Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo (Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ ; born 5 March 1937) is a Nigerian retired military General and statesman who served as Nigeria's head of state from 1976 to 1979 and later as its president from 1999 to 2007.

His later passport gave his date of birth as 5 March 1937, although this was a later estimate, with no contemporary records surviving.

His father was Amos Adigun Obaluayesanjo "Obasanjo" Bankole and his mother was Bernice Ashabi Bankole.

The first of nine children, only he and a sister (Adunni Oluwole Obasanjo) survived childhood.

He was born to the Owu branch of the Yoruba people.

The village church was part of a mission set up by the U.S. Southern Baptist Church and Obasanjo was raised Baptist.

His village also contained Muslims and his sister later converted to Islam to marry a Muslim man.

Obasanjo's father was a farmer and until he was eleven years old, the boy was involved in agricultural labour.

Aged eleven, he joined the village primary school, and after three years, in 1951, he moved on to the Baptist Day School in Abeokuta's Owu quarter.

In 1952 he transferred to the Baptist Boys' High School, also in the town.

His school fees were partly financed by state grants.

Obasanjo did well academically, and at school became a keen Boy Scout.

Although there is no evidence that he was then involved in any political groups, it was at secondary school that Obasanjo rejected his forename of "Matthew" as an anti-colonial act.

Meanwhile, Obasanjo's father had abandoned his wife and two children.

Falling into poverty, Obasanjo's mother had to operate in trading to survive.

In the late 1960s, he played a senior role in combating Biafran separatists during the Nigerian Civil War, accepting their surrender in 1970.

He received praise both for overseeing Nigeria's transition to representative democracy in the 1970s and for his Pan-African efforts to encourage cooperation across the continent.

Critics maintain that he was guilty of corruption, that his administrations oversaw human rights abuses, and that as president he became too interested in consolidating and maintaining his personal power.

Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo (or Matthew Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo) was born in Ibogun-Olaogun, a village in southwest Nigeria.

In 1975, a military coup established a junta with Obasanjo as part of its ruling triumvirate.

After the triumvirate's leader, Murtala Muhammed, was assassinated the following year, the Supreme Military Council appointed Obasanjo as head of state.

Continuing Murtala's policies, Obasanjo oversaw budgetary cut-backs and an expansion of access to free school education.

Increasingly aligning Nigeria with the United States, he also emphasised support for groups opposing white minority rule in southern Africa.

Committed to restoring democracy, Obasanjo oversaw the 1979 election, after which he transferred control of Nigeria to the newly elected civilian president, Shehu Shagari.

Obasanjo then retired to Ota, Ogun, where he became a farmer, published four books, and took part in international initiatives to end various African conflicts.

In 1993, Sani Abacha seized power in a military coup.

Obasanjo was openly critical of Abacha's administration and in 1995 was arrested and convicted of being part of a planned coup, despite protesting his innocence.

While imprisoned, he became a born again Christian, with providentialism strongly influencing his subsequent worldview.

Ideologically a Nigerian nationalist, he was a member of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) from 1998 to 2015, and since 2018.

Born in the village of Ibogun-Olaogun to a farming family of the Owu branch of the Yoruba, Obasanjo was educated largely in Abeokuta, Ogun State.

He joined the Nigerian Army and specialised in engineering and was assigned to the Congo, Britain, and India, rising to the rank of major.

He was released following Abacha's death in 1998.

Obasanjo entered electoral politics, becoming the PDP candidate for the 1999 presidential election which he won comfortably.

As president, he de-politicised the military and both expanded the police and mobilised the army to combat widespread ethnic, religious, and secessionist violence.

He withdrew Nigeria's military from Sierra Leone and privatised various public enterprises to limit the country's spiralling debt.

He was re-elected in the 2003 election.

Influenced by Pan-Africanist ideas, he was a keen supporter of the formation of the African Union and served as its chair from 2004 to 2006.

Obasanjo's attempts to change the constitution to abolish presidential term limits were unsuccessful and brought criticism.

After retiring, he earned a PhD in theology from the National Open University of Nigeria.

Obasanjo has been described as one of the great figures of the second generation of post-colonial African leaders.