Natan Slifkin

Natan Slifkin (also Nosson Slifkin) (נתן סליפקין; born 25 June 1975 in Manchester, England), popularly known as the "Zoo Rabbi," is a British-born Israeli Modern Orthodox community rabbi and the director of the Biblical Museum of Natural History in Beit Shemesh, Israel.

Slifkin is best known for his interests in zoology, Judaism's relationship to evolution, Jewish and biblical history, and his writing on these topics.

Slifkin was born and raised in Manchester, United Kingdom, where he studied at a local yeshiva called Yeshivas Shaarei Torah.

He left in 1995 to continue his studies in the Medrash Shmuel yeshiva and Mir Yeshiva in Jerusalem, Israel.

He was ordained at Ohr Somayach Institutions, where he taught Talmud and contemporary Judaism.

He now lives with his family in Ramat Beit Shemesh, where he runs the Biblical Museum of Natural History.

On 5 October 2008 Slifkin published an essay entitled In Defense of My Opponents in which he says that there is a reasonable basis for a ban on his books in certain communities.

Slifkin writes a blog called "Rationalist Judaism," in which he promulgates his opinions on Jewish thought.

He has also published e-books on many of his topics of interest.

In 2013, Meiselman released a nearly 900 page book entitled "Torah, Chazal, and Science", which he stated "was in response to some recent controversies surrounding issues of Torah and science. A spate of books... have attempted to introduce a radical new theology and proclaim it compatible with classic Jewish belief."

Chaim Malinowitz broke with his Haredi colleagues in not seeking a ban on Slifkin's books.

Slifkin has a master's degree in Judaic studies from the Lander Institute in Jerusalem and a doctorate in Jewish history from Bar-Ilan University, completed in 2016.

His dissertation was entitled: Rabbinic and Maskilic Encounters with Zoology in the Nineteenth Century.

Slifkin explores traditional rabbinic perspectives in his books and discusses how they may relate to issues of interest to modern science.

Slifkin is the author of numerous books dealing with the intersection of Torah, science and zoology.

In Slifkin's approach to the reconciliation of Genesis and modern scientific theory, traditional Judaism mandates neither a literalistic approach to biblical cosmology, nor a belief that the Talmud is always correct about scientific matters.

Views similar to these were accepted by some as within the realm of Orthodox Judaism.

A public debate triggered by Slifkin's books began regarding how literally Orthodox Judaism interprets the Torah and how much weight should be given to the scientific discussions of rabbinic sages.

Slifkin's books, which had "cautious references to evolutionary theory," led to a denunciation of his work by ultra-Orthodox authorities.

The rabbis object to the tone of Slifkin's work, stating that "even what is not heretical is expressed in a way only a heretic would speak."

The ban sparked a debate, largely on the Internet, which led Slifkin's publisher, Targum Press, to discontinue distribution of his books.

Yashar Books, a smaller Jewish publisher, agreed to distribute them.

Moment magazine quoted an anonymous rabbi who said: “The Slifkin ban is a huge break.

It’s a kind of power struggle, and those who didn’t sign the ban are outraged right now.

I’m talking about rabbis with long white beards who are furious about it...He’s saying out loud what a lot of people have been talking about quietly all along.

To those people, he’s a kind of figurehead."

Rabbis Aharon Feldman and Shlomo Miller wrote articles in defense of the ban, and Rabbi Moshe Meiselman gave three lectures on this topic at Toras Moshe.

These defenses of the ban were themselves controversial, and Slifkin posted them all on his website, together with rebuttals written by various people.

Meiselman requested that Slifkin remove the lectures from his website, but Slifkin did not.