Michael J. Adams

Michael James Adams (May 5, 1930 – November 15, 1967) (Maj USAF) was an American aviator, aeronautical engineer, and USAF astronaut.

He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA.

Adams was born May 5, 1930, in Sacramento, California.

He graduated from Sacramento Junior College.

This was followed by 30 months with the 613th Fighter-Bomber Squadron at England Air Force Base, Louisiana, and six months rotational duty at Chaumont Air Base in France.

He enlisted in the United States Air Force in 1950, and earned his pilot wings and commission in 1952 at Webb Air Force Base, Texas.

He served as a fighter-bomber pilot during the Korean War, where he flew 49 combat missions.

In 1958, Adams received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma and, after 18 months of astronautics study at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was selected in 1962 for the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

Here, he won the A.B. Honts Trophy as the best scholar and pilot in his class.

Adams subsequently attended the Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), graduating with honors in December 1963.

He was one of four Edwards aerospace research pilots to participate in a five-month series of NASA Moon landing practice tests at the Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland.

In November 1965 he was selected to be an astronaut in the United States Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory program.

In July 1966, Major Adams came to the North American X-15 program, a joint USAF/NASA project.

He made his first X-15 flight on October 6, 1966.

On November 15, 1967, Adams flew X-15 Flight 191 (also known as X-15 Flight 3-65-97) aboard the X-15-3, one of three planes in the X-15 fleet.

Flying to an altitude above 50 miles, Adams qualified as an astronaut according to the United States definition of the boundary of space.

Moments later the craft broke apart, killing Adams and destroying the X-15-3.

He was the first American space mission fatality by the American convention.

Adams's seventh X-15 flight, Flight 3-65-97, took place on November 15, 1967.

He reached a peak altitude of 266000 ft; the nose of the aircraft was off heading by 15 degrees to the right.

While descending, at 230000 ft the aircraft encountered rapidly increasing aerodynamic pressure which impinged on the airframe, causing the X-15 to enter a violent Mach 5 spin.

As the X-15 neared 65000 ft, it was diving at Mach 3.93 and experiencing more than 15 g vertically (positive and negative), and 8 g laterally, which inevitably exceeded the design limits of the aircraft.

The aircraft broke up 10 minutes and 35 seconds after launch, killing Adams.

The United States Air Force posthumously awarded him Astronaut Wings for his last flight.

An excerpt from NASA's biography page on Mike Adams discusses findings from the crash investigation:

His remains were buried at the Mulhearn Memorial Park Cemetery, Monroe, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana.

During his military career he was awarded:

In 1991, Adams's name was added to the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

On June 8, 2004, a memorial monument to Adams was erected near the crash site, northwest of Randsburg, California.