Michael Cleary

Bridget Cleary (née Boland; Bríd Uí Chléirigh; 19 February 1869 – 15 March 1895) was an Irish woman who was murdered by her husband in 1895.

She was either immolated or her body was set on fire immediately after her death.

The husband's stated motive was his belief that she had been abducted by fairies and replaced with a changeling, which he then killed.

The gruesome nature of the case prompted extensive press coverage, and the trial was closely followed by newspapers across Ireland.

Bridget Cleary (née Boland) was born on 19 February 1869 in Ballyvadlea, County Tipperary, Ireland.

She married Michael Cleary on 6 August 1887 in the Roman Catholic church in Drangan.

The couple had met earlier that month in Clonmel, where he worked as a cooper and she served as a dressmaker's apprentice.

Despite their eight years of marriage, the couple had had no children by the time of Bridget's death.

After the marriage, Bridget returned to her townland of Ballyvadlea to live with her parents, while Michael continued to work as a cooper in Clonmel.

During this period of living apart, Bridget's independence grew, with her keeping her own flock of chickens and selling the eggs to neighbours.

Somewhat unusually for the era and location, she was also a professional woman.

She obtained a Singer sewing machine, state of the art at the time, and was variously described as a dressmaker and a milliner.

Following the death of Bridget's mother, the Clearys found themselves responsible for her elderly father, Patrick Boland.

His residence with the couple enabled them to secure a house reserved for labourers.

Neither Bridget nor Michael was entitled to this cottage, but as Patrick had been a labourer in his youth, they were able to acquire the best house in the village.

However, there was no widespread interest in the house, as it was built on the site of a supposed fairy ringfort.

Bridget was reported missing in March 1895.

She had evidently been ill for several days; her diagnosis was said to be bronchitis.

More than a week into her illness, on 13 March 1895, a physician visited her at her home; her condition was considered sufficiently grave that a priest soon followed, to administer last rites.

Several of Bridget's friends and family members attended her over the next two days, and a number of home remedies were administered, including one ritual that anticipated her later demise: her father and her husband accused her of being a fairy sent to take Bridget's place.

Urine was thrown on her, and she was carried before the fireplace to cast the fairy out.

By 16 March, rumours were beginning to circulate that Bridget was missing, and local police began searching for her.

Michael was quoted as claiming that his wife had been taken by fairies, and he appeared to be holding a vigil.

Witness statements were gathered over the ensuing week, and by the time Bridget's burnt corpse was found in a shallow grave on 22 March, nine people had been charged in her disappearance, including her husband.

A coroner's inquest the next day returned a verdict of death by burning.

Legal hearings ran from 1 to 6 April 1895.

A tenth person had been charged, and one of the original nine was discharged at this stage, leaving nine defendants bound over for trial.

The court session began on 3 July, and the grand jury indicted five of the defendants for murder: Michael Cleary, Patrick Boland, Mary Kennedy, James Kennedy, and Patrick Kennedy.

All nine were indicted on charges of "wounding".

The case proceeded on to trial.

The evidence showed that on 15 March, Michael summoned a Father Ryan back to the Cleary household.

Ryan found Bridget alive but agitated.

Michael told the priest that he had not been giving his wife the medicine prescribed by the doctor because he had no faith in it.

According to Ryan, "Cleary then said, 'People may have some remedy of their own that might do more good than doctor's medicine,' or something to that effect."

Bridget was given communion, and Ryan departed.

Later that night, neighbours and relatives returned to the Cleary house.

An argument ensued, again tinged with fairy mythology.

At some point, Bridget told Michael that the only person who'd gone off with the fairies had been his mother.

Michael attempted to force-feed his wife, throwing her down on the ground before the kitchen fireplace and menacing her with a burning piece of wood.

Bridget's chemise caught fire, and Michael then threw lamp oil (kerosene) on Bridget.