Maureen Connolly

Maureen Catherine Connolly-Brinker (née Connolly; September 17, 1934 – June 21, 1969), known as "Little Mo", was an American tennis player, the winner of nine major singles titles in the early 1950s.

Connolly was born in San Diego, California on September 17, 1934, the first child of Martin and Jessamine Connolly.

Her parents divorced when she was age 3, and she was raised by her mother and an aunt.

She loved horseback riding as a child, but her mother was unable to pay the cost of riding lessons.

So, she took up the game of tennis.

Connolly's tennis career began at the age of 10 on the municipal courts of San Diego.

Her first coach, Wilbur Folsom, encouraged her to switch from a left-handed grip to a right-handed one, and she soon became a baseline specialist with tremendous power and accuracy.

When she was age 11, Connolly was dubbed "Little Mo" by San Diego sportswriter Nelson Fisher, who compared the power of her forehand and backhand to the firepower of the USS Missouri, known colloquially as "Big Mo".

In 1948, Folsom was replaced as her coach by Eleanor Tennant, who previously coached Alice Marble and Bobby Riggs.

At age 14, she won 56 consecutive matches, and the following year, she became the youngest girl to win the U.S. national championship for girls 18 and under.

At the 1951 U.S. Championships, Connolly at age 16 defeated Shirley Fry to become, at that time, the youngest ever to win America's most prestigious tennis tournament.

Her coach at the time was Eleanor Tennant.

During her Wightman Cup career from 1951 through 1954, she won all seven of her singles matches.

Connolly's achievements made her the darling of the media and one of the more popular personalities in the U.S.; she was named Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press for three straight years, from 1951 through 1953.

Connolly won her first Wimbledon title in 1952, defeating Louise Brough in the final.

She had arrived at the tournament with a shoulder injury but refused to withdraw when Tennant instructed her to do so.

The ensuing argument resulted in the end of their partnership.

Connolly was seeded first at the 1952 U.S. Championships, and she successfully defended her title with a victory in the final against Doris Hart.

In 1953, she became the first woman to win a Grand Slam (all four major tournaments during the same calendar year).

She is also the only player in history to win a title without losing a set at all four major championships.

For the 1953 season, she hired a new coach, the Australian Davis Cup captain Harry Hopman, and she entered all four Grand Slam tournaments for the first time.

She defeated Julie Sampson in the Australian Championships final and Doris Hart in the finals of the French Championships, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships to become the first woman, and only the second tennis player after Don Budge, to win the world's four major titles in the same year, commonly known as a Grand Slam.

She lost only one set in those four tournaments.

Connolly won the last nine Grand Slam singles tournaments she played, including 50 consecutive singles matches.

The following year, in July 1954, a horseback riding accident seriously injured her right leg and ended her competitive tennis career at age 19.

She died of ovarian cancer at the age of 34.

In 1954, Connolly did not defend her title at the Australian Championships, but successfully defended her French and Wimbledon championships.

Two weeks after she won her third-straight Wimbledon title, she was horseback riding in San Diego on July 20, 1954.

A passing concrete mixer truck frightened her horse Colonel Merryboy, which pinned Connolly between the horse and truck.

She was thrown and suffered a compound fracture to her right fibula, which ultimately ended her tennis career at age 19.

She had intended to turn professional after the 1954 U.S. National Championships.

She officially retired from tennis in February 1955 when she announced her impending marriage to Norman Brinker.

Connolly retained Melvin Belli as counsel and sued the concrete mixer company.

In June 1955, Connolly married Norman Brinker, a member of the 1952 Olympic equestrian team for the United States, who shared her love of horses.

They had two daughters, Cindy and Brenda, and she remained partially involved in tennis, acting as a correspondent for some U.S. and British newspapers at major U.S. tennis tournaments.

Connolly was a coach for the British Wightman Cup team during its visits to the U.S. In Texas, where the couple lived, she established the Maureen Connolly Brinker Foundation to promote junior tennis.

On December 17, 1957, the Supreme Court of California unanimously affirmed a $95,000 jury verdict in her favor; the opinion was signed by Chief Justice Phil S. Gibson.

In 1957, she published an autobiography titled Forehand Drive.

Connolly recognized the downside of her tennis career, writing "I have always believed greatness on a tennis court was my destiny, a dark destiny, at times, where the court became my secret jungle and I a lonely, fear-stricken hunter. I was a strange little girl armed with hate, fear, and a Golden Racket."

In 1966, Connolly was diagnosed with ovarian cancer.