Mary Oliver

Mary Jane Oliver (September 10, 1935 – January 17, 2019) was an American poet who won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.

She found inspiration for her work in nature and had a lifelong habit of solitary walks in the wild.

Her poetry is characterized by a sincere wonderment and profound connection with the environment, conveyed in unadorned language and simple yet striking imagery.

Mary Oliver was born to Edward William and Helen M. Oliver on September 10, 1935, in Maple Heights, Ohio, a semi-rural suburb of Cleveland.

Her father was a social studies teacher and an athletics coach in the Cleveland public schools.

As a child, she spent a great deal of time outside where she enjoyed going on walks or reading.

Oliver studied at The Ohio State University and Vassar College in the mid-1950s but did not receive a degree at either college.

She worked at Steepletop , the estate of Edna St. Vincent Millay, as secretary to the poet' s sister.

In the summer of 1951 at the age of 15 she attended the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan, now known as Interlochen Arts Camp, where she was in the percussion section of the National High School Orchestra.

At 17 she visited the home of the late Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Edna St. Vincent Millay, in Austerlitz, New York, where she then formed a friendship with the late poet's sister Norma.

Oliver and Norma spent the next six to seven years at the estate organizing Edna St. Vincent Millay's papers.

Mary Oliver's poetry is grounded in memories of Ohio and her adopted home of New England, with Provincetown acting as the principal setting for her work after she moved there in the 1960s.

Influenced by both Whitman and Thoreau, she is known for her clear and poignant observations of the natural world.

Oliver's first collection of poems, No Voyage, and Other Poems, was published in 1963 when she was 28.

During the early 1980s, Oliver taught at Case Western Reserve University.

In fact, according to the 1983 Chronology of American Literature, the "American Primitive," one of Oliver's collection of poems, "...presents a new kind of Romanticism that refuses to acknowledge boundaries between nature and the observing self."

Nature stirred her creativity, and Oliver, an avid walker, often pursued inspiration on foot.

Her poems are filled with imagery from her daily walks near her home: shore birds, water snakes, the phases of the moon, and humpback whales.

In Long Life she says "[I] go off to my woods, my ponds, my sun-filled harbor, no more than a blue comma on the map of the world but, to me, the emblem of everything."

She commented in a rare interview "When things are going well, you know, the walk does not get rapid or get anywhere: I finally just stop and write. That's a successful walk!"

She said she once found herself walking in the woods with no pen and later hid pencils in the trees so she would never be stuck in that place again.

She often carried a 3-by-5-inch hand-sewn notebook for recording impressions and phrases.

Maxine Kumin called Oliver "a patroller of wetlands in the same way that Thoreau was an inspector of snowstorms."

Oliver stated that her favorite poets were Walt Whitman, Rumi, Hafez, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.

Oliver was also compared to Emily Dickinson, with whom she shared an affinity for solitude and inner monologues.

Her poetry combines dark introspection with joyous release.

Although she was criticized for writing poetry that assumes a close relationship between women and nature, she found that the self is only strengthened through an immersion in the natural environment.

Her fifth collection of poetry, American Primitive, won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1984.

She was Poet In Residence at Bucknell University (1986) and Margaret Banister Writer in Residence at Sweet Briar College (1991), then moved to Bennington, Vermont, where she held the Catharine Osgood Foster Chair for Distinguished Teaching at Bennington College until 2001.

She won the Christopher Award and the L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award for her piece House of Light (1990), and New and Selected Poems (1992) won the National Book Award.

Oliver's work turns towards nature for its inspiration and describes the sense of wonder it instilled in her.

"When it's over," she says, "I want to say: all my life / I was a bride married to amazement. I was the bridegroom, taking the world into my arms."

In an interview with the Christian Science Monitor in 1992, Oliver commented on growing up in Ohio, saying "'It was pastoral, it was nice, it was an extended family. I don't know why I felt such an affinity with the natural world except that it was available to me, that's the first thing. It was right there. And for whatever reasons, I felt those first important connections, those first experiences being made with the natural world rather than with the social world.'" In 2011, in an interview with Maria Shriver, Oliver described her family as dysfunctional, adding that though her childhood was very hard, writing helped her create her own world.

Oliver revealed in the interview with Shriver that she had been sexually abused as a child and had experienced recurring nightmares.

Oliver began writing poetry at the age of 14.

She graduated from the local high school in Maple Heights.

("When Death Comes" from New and Selected Poems (1992)) Her collections Winter Hours: Prose, Prose Poems, and Poems (1999), Why I Wake Early (2004), and New and Selected Poems, Volume 2 (2004) build the themes.

The first and second parts of Leaf and the Cloud are featured in The Best American Poetry 1999 and 2000, and her essays appear in Best American Essays 1996, 1998, and 2001.

In 2007, she was declared to be the country's best-selling poet.

Oliver was the editor of the 2009 edition of Best American Essays.