Manuel Urrutia Lleó

He campaigned against the Gerardo Machado government and the dictatorial second presidency of Fulgencio Batista during the 1950s, before serving as president in the revolutionary government of 1959.

Urrutia resigned his position after only seven months, owing to a series of disputes with revolutionary leader Fidel Castro, and emigrated to the United States shortly afterward.

Born in Yaguajay, Las Villas, Cuba, Urrutia was a leading figure in the civil resistance movement against Fulgencio Batista's government during the Cuban Revolution.

In 1957, he had presided in court over a case in which members of the movement had been charged with "anti-government activities".

He ruled that the defendants had been acting within their rights.

A year later, he visited the US to gain support for the revolution, successfully lobbying for a halt of weapons shipments to Batista's forces.

It was considered that the choice of Urrutia, an educated liberal and Christian, as president would be welcomed by the US.

He was the agreed choice for the future president among Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement as early as April 1958.

The Cuban Revolution gained victory on January 1, 1959, and Urrutia returned from exile in Venezuela to take up residence in the presidential palace.

His new revolutionary government consisted largely of Cuban political veterans and pro-business liberals including José Miró, who was appointed as prime minister.

Once in power, Urrutia swiftly began a program of closing all brothels, gambling outlets and the national lottery, arguing that these had long been a corrupting influence on the state.

The measures drew immediate resistance from the large associated workforce.

The disapproving Castro, then commander of Cuba's new armed forces, intervened to request a stay of execution until alternative employment could be found.

Disagreements also arose in the new government concerning pay cuts, which were imposed on all public officials on Castro's demand.

The disputed cuts included a reduction of the $100,000 a year presidential salary Urrutia had inherited from Batista.

By February, following the surprise resignation of Miró, Castro had assumed the role of prime minister; this strengthened his power and rendered Urrutia increasingly a figurehead president.

As Urrutia's participation in the legislative process declined, other unresolved disputes between the two leaders continued to fester.

His belief in the restoration of elections was rejected by Castro, who felt that they would usher in a return to the old discredited system of corrupt parties and fraudulent balloting that had marked the Batista era.

Urrutia was then accused by the Avance newspaper of buying a luxury villa, which was portrayed as a frivolous betrayal of the revolution and led to an outcry from the general public.

He denied the allegation issuing a writ against the newspaper in response.

The story further increased tensions between the various factions in the government, though Urrutia asserted publicly that he had "absolutely no disagreements" with Fidel Castro.

Urrutia attempted to distance the Cuban government (including Castro) from the growing influence of the Communists within the administration, making a series of critical public comments against the latter group.

Whilst Castro had not openly declared any affiliation with the Cuban communists, Urrutia had been a declared anti-Communist since they had refused to support the insurrection against Batista, stating in an interview, "If the Cuban people had heeded those words, we would still have Batista with us ... and all those other war criminals who are now running away".

On July 17, 1959, Conrado Bécquer, the sugar workers' leader, demanded Urrutia's resignation.

Castro himself resigned as Prime Minister of Cuba in protest, but later that day appeared on television to deliver a lengthy denouncement of Urrutia, claiming that Urrutia "complicated" government, and that his "fevered anti-Communism" was having a detrimental effect.

Castro's sentiments received widespread support as organized crowds surrounded the presidential palace demanding Urrutia's resignation, which was duly received.

On July 23, Castro resumed his position as premier and appointed Osvaldo Dorticós as the new president.

After leaving his post, Urrutia sought asylum in the embassy of Venezuela before settling in Queens, New York, United States.

Manuel Urrutia Lleó (December 8, 1901 – 5 July 1981) was a liberal Cuban lawyer and politician.

He worked as a university professor until his death in 1981, in Queens, New York.