Ken Bates

Kenneth William Bates (born 4 December 1931) is a British businessman, football executive and hotelier.

He was involved in the development of Wembley Stadium and is the former owner and chairman of football clubs Chelsea and Leeds United.

Bates was born in Ealing in 1931.

His mother died shortly afterwards and his father absconded, so he was raised by his grandparents in a council flat.

He grew up supporting Queens Park Rangers but was unsuccessful in pursuing a playing career in football.

He made his personal fortune in the haulage industry and later moved into quarrying, ready-mix concrete and dairy farming.

They were also struggling in the Football League Second Division, a stark contrast to their successful era from 1955 to 1971, when they had won a Football League First Division title, an FA Cup, Football League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup.

Bates spent five years as chairman of Oldham Athletic during the 1960s and also had a spell at Wigan Athletic.

Bates was involved with various other enterprises during the 1960s and 1970s, including projects on the British Virgin Islands and in Rhodesia.

After having been chairman of Oldham Athletic for five years in the 1960s, in 1980 Bates became co-owner and vice chairman of Wigan Athletic with his old business associate Freddie Pye.

He provided significant finance by way of bank guarantees that enabled the then manager, Larry Lloyd, to sign a number of players, not the least of which was Eamonn O'Keefe from Everton for £65,000.

The Leeds United fanzine Square Ball has published a photograph of Bates with Rhodesian PM Ian Smith during a 1967 tour by Oldham Athletic, when Rhodesia was subject to UN sanctions.

Square Ball has reported, having worked with a documentary made in the British Virgin Islands, that Bates attempted to obtain control and develop most of the island of Anegada near Tortola on a 199-year lease, but was thwarted after protests by islanders caused the local government to change its decision and investigations began by the British government.

The original agreement to lease the island was known as the Bates-Hill Agreement.

Today, a park on Tortola is named after Noel Lloyd, a resident of the island who led the opposition to the agreement.

By the end of his reign, Chelsea were regularly finishing in the top six of the Premier League and had won their first major trophies since the 1970s, although they had a debt burden of around £80 million.

In 1976, he set up the Irish Trust Bank, but it wound up leaving thousands of investors out-of-pocket.

In the mid-1980s, he famously erected an electric perimeter fence around the pitch at Stamford Bridge to prevent pitch invasions, but the fence was soon dismantled after the local council refused him permission to turn the electricity on.

Bates spent 21 years at Chelsea, during which time he attracted the headlines on many occasions and employed no fewer than nine managers.

His match-day programme notes, in which he often attacked various individuals, were also controversial.

In 1982, he purchased Chelsea for £1.

During his tenure, he helped the club win a long-running battle with property developers who were attempting to evict them from their Stamford Bridge home.

Wigan duly gained promotion under Lloyd to the Third Division in May 1982.

Later in 1982, Bates purchased Chelsea for £1.

When he purchased the club they were in serious financial trouble, as well as being tarnished by a notorious Hooligan element among their support.

After narrowly escaping relegation to the Third Division in the 1982–83 season, Bates made the funds available to manager John Neal to sign players including Kerry Dixon, David Speedie, Pat Nevin, Mickey Thomas, Eddie Niedzwiecki and Nigel Spackman, who helped the club win promotion and re-establish themselves in the top-flight with consecutive top six finishes.

Chelsea have spent all but one season in the top flight of English football since 1984, and by the time Bates stepped down as chairman in 2003 they were firmly re-established as one of English football's leading sides, having achieved seven successive top six finishes in the Premier League and won several major trophies as well as signing a succession of high-profile players, including many foreign international stars.

In the early years, he fought a successful and long-running legal battle with property developers, Marler Estates, who had purchased a substantial portion of the freehold of Stamford Bridge, Chelsea's home ground.

He re-united the freehold with the club (and thus secured its future) after Marler's bankruptcy following a market crash, which allowed him to do a deal with their banks and create the Chelsea Pitch Owners, an organisation set-up to stave off future developers and attempted to make the club more financially viable.

During the 1990s, he was involved in a bitter dispute with Chelsea benefactor and vice-chairman, Matthew Harding, over the club's direction, which led to Harding's being banned from the Chelsea boardroom.

He also had Stamford Bridge rebuilt as an all-seater stadium by 1995, and by 2001 it had a capacity of more than 42,000.

The dispute was ultimately ended by Harding's death in a helicopter crash in October 1996.

Bates sparked further controversy the following year when he said of Harding, "I don't believe evil should triumph and he was an evil man ... This is a much happier ship at Chelsea now he's no longer around".

By the end of his chairmanship, Stamford Bridge had been substantially refurbished and modernised, while he had become (at the time) Chelsea's most successful chairman.

In 2002, he was sued for libel by Chelsea supporter David Johnstone after describing fans' group, the Chelsea Independent Supporters Association, as parasites; Bates settled out of court without accepting liability.

In July 2003, he sold the club to Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich from whom he received approximately £18 million.

In January 2005, Bates bought a 50% stake in Leeds United, another club struggling under a heavy debt burden.

In May 2007, Leeds entered administration, and were relegated to League One.

The club regained Championship status in 2010 and, in May 2011, it was confirmed that Bates had become the sole owner.

In November 2012, Bates sold his holdings in Leeds United to GFH Capital.