Karl Ulrich Schnabel

Karl Ulrich Schnabel (August 6, 1909 – August 27, 2001) was an Austrian pianist.

Schnabel was the son of pianist Artur Schnabel and operatic contralto and lieder singer Therese Behr and elder brother of the American actor Stefan Schnabel.

An internationally celebrated teacher of the piano, his students include, among others, Leon Fleisher, Claude Frank, Richard Goode, Kwong-Kwong Ma, Stanislav Ioudenitch, Jon Nakamatsu, Murray Perahia, and Peter Serkin.

Karl Schnabel was born in Berlin on August 6, 1909.

He began studying piano at the age of five.

In the same year he married the American pianist Helen Fogel (1911–74), with whom he played a large repertory of piano duets.

They had a daughter, Ann.

During World War II he interrupted his musical career to do war work as head of an electronic laboratory in Massachusetts.

Schnabel's extra-musical interests included rock-climbing and photography.

From 1922–1926 he studied at the Berlin Hochschule für Musik with Leonid Kreutzer and Paul Juon.

He had a distinguished career as a master piano teacher and as an international performer.

In 1926 he made his recital début in Berlin, and subsequently gave recitals throughout Europe, North and South America, Russia, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

He accompanied his mother at home and for concerts and recordings.

Beginning at an early age he played for her voice lessons and coached her students.

Schnabel made many recordings, solo and four-hand, for HMV, EMI, Philips, Musical Heritage Society, Sheffield, and TownHall, among others.

For several years, he was active producing motion pictures; in 1932, he was producer, director and cinematographer of a feature-length film based on a German fairy tale.

As a young man, he participated in table tennis tournaments.

During this time, Karl Ulrich Schnabel also maintained an elaborate miniature electric train set, complete with timetables.

Family friend Paul Hindemith assisted in running the trains.

Schnabel left Berlin in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power, settling briefly at Lake Como; he emigrated to the United States in 1939, shortly before World War II.

In 1939, he and his wife, American pianist Helen Fogel, founded the Piano Duo Schnabel, which performed concertos for two pianos and orchestra as well as recitals for one piano, four hands.

He was the author of the well-known book Modern Technique of the Pedal (1950).

He also published editions of compositions by Schubert and Weber.

Schnabel dedicated himself passionately to the revival of the largely neglected music for piano four hands, recording music by Schubert, Mozart, and Schumann, among others.

Four-hand performance, Schnabel remarked, was an entirely different enterprise than solo performance: "Four-hand playing is a complex art that requires enormous time and patience. You are half of a whole rather than a whole in yourself. The four-hand repertory possesses qualities of chamber music, symphonic music, and virtuoso music -- sometimes all in the same piece."

Karl Ulrich Schnabel started duo performances and recordings with his father as partner.

Some of these early performances are memorialized on record.

The two switched Primo and Secondo parts, and made a pact never to reveal who played which part on the recordings.

In 1956, the duo participated at the Holland Festival in five performances with orchestra, and in 1972 they performed at the Edinburgh Festival.

Reviews of the ensemble demonstrate that the Schnabels mastered the challenges of four-hand playing with skill and passion: "The four hand piano concert [...] came closer to perfection than any recital we have heard this year [...] They achieved a sheer transparency of sound, at once the most important and the most difficult requisite of four-hand piano music. It is incredibly difficult for two people to play a piece on one piano and be exactly together in timing, phrasing, and expression, yet the Schnabels were beautifully together and made of every note a work of art."

Their son Claude Alain Mottier (1972-2002), who was a pianist as well, died as an innocent victim in a traffic accident and was buried in the family grave.

Five years after his wife’s death, in 1979, Karl Ulrich Schnabel formed a new duo with the Canadian pianist Joan Rowland.

This duo, as well, was regularly praised for what the Washington Post deemed its "combination of spirit and jaunty elegance."

Karl Ulrich Schnabel died in Danbury, Connecticut, on August 27, 2001.

He was buried in the family plot in Schwyz, Switzerland, adjoining his parents and wife.

Karl Ulrich Schnabel's papers are held at the Music Archive of the Akademie der Künste in Berlin.

His daughter Ann Schnabel Mottier currently manages the Schnabel Music Foundation, together with her husband Francois Mottier.

In 2006, the municipality of Schwyz declared the grave site a protected monument wherefore it is exempted from regulations that stipulate the removal of the remains after a certain period.

Karl Ulrich Schnabel inherited from his parents an approach that united dramatic intensity of expression with absolute fidelity to the printed text.

He is remembered for his imaginative interpretation of the Schubert song cycles.