Karl Gröger

His father was Karl Groeger (1883,Vienna, Austria 1883.d. 1967, Chicago, Il.U.S.A.).

Karl Groeger Sr. was the son of a Jewish mother, Anna, and a Gentile father.

He was also baptized at some point, but a Taufschein or baptism certificate has been lost.

Karl Sr. studied law and became a high profile attorney in Viennese society, sometimes representing men who would later become known Nazis during the Third Reich.

Freida and Karl Sr. had two children,; Karl Jr or ' Munkie" and four years later, a daughter, Marianne, who died at age three in a Typhus epidemic.

He participated in the association of social democratic high school students.

After that he studied medicine at the University of Vienna.

His mother, Frieda (9/03/1887 Vinkovcze,(?)Croatia. d. 1975, Chicago, Il. U S A.),was the child of two Jewish parents, Josef Neuhauser and Karolina Neuhauser nee Spitzer.

Frieda had herself baptized as Roman Catholic in order to further her budding career as an opera singer.

Unbeknownst to the Germans, Karl (Bubie as he was known to friends and Munkie as he was known to his parents), was the product of a full Jewish mother (who converted into the Catholic faith in 1911) and of a half-Jewish father.

Their son, Karl Gröger, Jr. was actually baptized into the Catholic faith at birth.

Gröger joined the resistance movement of Gerrit van der Veen, a sculptor.

Karl also worked for the underground newspaper "Rattenkruit" (rat poison).

She appeared as a Valkyrie in Wagner's most famous opera at the Stadtsopera in Vienna in 1914.

Karl Gröger (7 February 1918 - 1 July 1943) was a member of a Dutch resistance group executed in 1943.

In collaboration with a Dutch resistance group, he destroyed the registration of address office of Amsterdam, thereby destroying file cards of Dutch people which would have faced forced labour and deportation to concentration camps.

Karl Gröger was born 7 February 1918 in Vienna, Austria, to Frieda Neuhauser Groeger and Karl Groeger.

Following his graduation in March 1938, Gröger fled to Amsterdam, where he continued his medicine study.

Two years later, in May 1940, the German Wehrmacht marched into the Netherlands.

He had to join the German Army.

After some months the army discharged him because he was discovered to be of Jewish descent.

Following the 1940 German invasion and occupation of the Netherlands, everyone aged 15 and older was required to carry an identification card, the persoonsbewijs, with them at all times.

Jews had to carry a persoonsbewijs marked with a large J. Resistance members soon started to forge identification cards at a large scale – the largest such operation, led by Gerrit van der Veen, produced some 80,000 forged documents.

However, forged documents could be easily detected because they could be compared against the records in the civil registries.

Some civil servants were willing to falsify records in the civil registry so that they would match up with forged identification cards.

Nevertheless, the civil registries remained a potent weapon in the hands of the Nazis to identify members of the Dutch population who were Jewish, potential members of the resistance or could be called up for forced labour duty.

The mission was particularly difficult because security at civil registries had been tightened up after a similar assault on an office in Wageningen in late 1942.

Security guards were now posted at strategic locations in the Amsterdam civil registry office.

The group preparing the attack included a number of local artists and medical students, including several Jews and homosexuals, as well as a group of resistance members behind the clandestine publication Rattenkruid.

In 1943 the SS and police court sentenced him to death in The Hague.

In 1943, a group of resistance members, led by sculptor Gerrit van der Veen and painter and author Willem Arondeus, meticulously planned to carry out a sabotage attack on the Amsterdam civil registry office, with the aim to destroy the records, without causing any loss of life.

On March 28, 1943 he took part in the assault against Amsterdam’s registration of address office.

Gröger's resistance group broke into the building dressed up as policemen.

They fooled the guards and blasted the building.

Through this act, thousands of file cards of Dutch people who would have been deported to concentration camps were destroyed.

The assault on the civil registry office at Plantage Kerklaan 36, a former concert hall directly adjacent to the main entrance of Artis zoo, took place on the night of 27 March 1943.

Disguised in police uniforms, the resistance group approached the security guards and told them that they had come to search the building for explosives.

The guards believed their story and let them in.

Two medical students then sedated the guards by injecting them with phenobarbital, and the unconscious guards were carried inside the zoo through a back door.

He was given the title "Righteous Among the Nations" in 1986 by Yad Vashem.