Age, Biography and Wiki
Julian Rotter was born on 22 October, 1916 in Brooklyn, New York, U.S., is an American psychologist. Discover Julian Rotter's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Learn How rich is he in this year and how he spends money? Also learn how he earned most of networth at the age of 98 years old?
Popular As |
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Age |
98 years old |
Zodiac Sign |
Libra |
Born |
22 October 1916 |
Birthday |
22 October |
Birthplace |
Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
Date of death |
2014 |
Died Place |
Mansfield, Connecticut, U.S. |
Nationality |
United States
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We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 22 October.
He is a member of famous with the age 98 years old group.
Julian Rotter Height, Weight & Measurements
At 98 years old, Julian Rotter height not available right now. We will update Julian Rotter's Height, weight, Body Measurements, Eye Color, Hair Color, Shoe & Dress size soon as possible.
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Dating & Relationship status
He is currently single. He is not dating anyone. We don't have much information about He's past relationship and any previous engaged. According to our Database, He has no children.
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Not Available |
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Not Available |
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Not Available |
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Not Available |
Julian Rotter Net Worth
His net worth has been growing significantly in 2023-2024. So, how much is Julian Rotter worth at the age of 98 years old? Julian Rotter’s income source is mostly from being a successful . He is from United States. We have estimated Julian Rotter's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets.
Net Worth in 2024 |
$1 Million - $5 Million |
Salary in 2024 |
Under Review |
Net Worth in 2023 |
Pending |
Salary in 2023 |
Under Review |
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Not Available |
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Julian Rotter Social Network
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Timeline
Julian B. Rotter (October 22, 1916 – January 6, 2014) was an American psychologist known for developing social learning theory and research into locus of control.
He was a faculty member at Ohio State University and then the University of Connecticut.
Rotter was born in 1916 in Brooklyn, New York, United States, as the third son of Jewish immigrant parents.
As a schoolboy he became interested with psychology and philosophy through readings.
Rotter attended Brooklyn College in 1933, where he earned his undergraduate degree.
He majored in chemistry even though he found psychology to be more fascinating because chemistry seemed more remunerative.
While studying in Brooklyn College, Solomon Asch (best known for his later studies of conformity) influenced his development.
Asch was then intensely involved in the controversy between Gestalt and Thorndikian views of learning.
Another important influence in these years was Alfred Adler, who was teaching at the Long Island School of Medicine.
After Rotter asked a question at a public lecture, Adler invited him to attend his weekly training clinic despite the fact that Rotter was only an undergraduate at the time.
Wood inspired him by his lectures on the scientific method.
He then earned a master's degree at the University of Iowa, studying there under Kurt Lewin, the renowned gestalt psychologist whose field theory of personality, with its emphasis on goals, valence, and barriers, clearly influenced Rotter's later theory-building.
After completing his master's degree at the University of Iowa, he obtained an internship at the Worcester State Hospital, possibly the only formal internship in clinical psychology at the time.
While at Worcester State Hospital, David Shakow, Saul Rosenzweig, and Elliot Rodnick provided stimulation and training in research and practice.
Worcester was also where he met Clara Barnes, another intern, whom he later married.
Through his work with Kurt Lewin, he became interested in level of aspiration, then a popular research topic, and designed and built the Level of Aspiration Board as a way of studying individual differences in this personality feature.
At Iowa, he was also influenced by Wendell Johnson, a general semanticist, who impressed on him the need for careful definitions in psychology and the myriad of pitfalls involved in poorly defined and poorly operationalized constructs
He continued his graduate studies at Indiana University where he continued to study the effects of success and failure on subsequent performance using the level of aspiration paradigm, completing his doctorate there (under the direction of C. M. Louttit) in 1941.
Throughout his education, Rotter was influenced by Alfred Adler, Clark Hull, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman.
After earning his doctorate he was unable to obtain a faculty position owing to the anti-Semitism then prevalent in academia, but accepted a position at Norwich Hospital; soon after, Rotter was drafted into the United States Army during World War II.
In the Army, Rotter worked as a psychologist, except for 17 weeks in officer candidate training as a tank officer.
After the war he returned, again briefly, to Norwich Hospital before being recruited by Ohio State University, where he taught and served as director of the psychological services clinic (a key component of clinical training there) formerly headed by Louttit.
At Ohio State, Rotter worked with George Kelly, founder of personal constructs theory.
Both the Incomplete Sentences Blank (1950) and Rotter's seminal work, Social Learning and Clinical Psychology (1954) were published during his tenure there; most of the crucial "locus of control" studies were also conducted while at Ohio State.
After the war he developed a standardized instrument of this type: the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank (RISB), first published in 1950.
The test blank consists of 40 "stems" that the examinee is instructed to complete "to express your real feelings."
A completed test protocol can be interpreted qualitatively by a trained examiner.
In addition, Rotter and Rafferty introduced a formal scoring system by means of which the examinee's overall level of adjustment can be rated.
This system, which can be used to a high degree of reliability across raters and was validated in a number of studies, was an important exception to the often subjective use of so-called projective personality tests at the time.
In 1963, Rotter went to the University of Connecticut, becoming director of that school's clinical psychology program, where he remained for the rest of his career.
The Interpersonal Trust Scale, a research measure of this personality feature, was developed by Rotter during that time.
He assumed emeritus status in 1987, but continued to teach graduate classes in personality and test construction for several more years.
Rotter also served as president of the American Psychological Association Division of Clinical Psychology, the Eastern Psychological Association, and the American Psychological Association Division of Social and Personality Psychology.
The RISB was lightly revised and updated in 1992.
It is generally found to be the most widely used sentence completion test in clinical settings.
A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Rotter as the 64th most eminent and 18th most widely cited psychologist of the 20th century.
A 2014 study published in 2014 placed him at #54 among psychologists whose careers spanned the post-World War II era.
He died at the age of 97 on January 6, 2014, at his home in Mansfield, Connecticut.
During his military service, one of Rotter's tasks was to evaluate sick and injured soldiers for emotional fitness to return to active duty.
One of the measures he used was an early sentence completion test, something that could be administered and evaluated quickly to identify those who needed further assessment and/or treatment.