John Chafee

His great-grandfather, Henry Lippitt, was governor of Rhode Island (1875–1877), and among his great-uncles were a Rhode Island governor, Charles Warren Lippitt, and United States Senator Henry Frederick Lippitt.

His uncle, Zechariah Chafee, was a Harvard law professor, and a notable civil libertarian.

His cousin was Frederick Lippitt, former House Minority Leader for the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

He had two daughters and four sons, one of whom is former Rhode Island Governor and former United States Senator Lincoln Chafee.

John Lester Hubbard Chafee (October 22, 1922 – October 24, 1999) was an American politician and officer in the United States Marine Corps.

He was the first Republican to win a Rhode Island Senate election since 1930.

John Chafee graduated from a coeducational primary school, Providence's Gordon School, in 1931 and then attended Providence Country Day School.

In 1940, he graduated from Deerfield Academy in Massachusetts.

Chafee was in his third year as an undergraduate at Yale University when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.

He interrupted his undergraduate studies and enlisted in the Marine Corps, spending his 20th birthday fighting on the island of Guadalcanal from August 8 until November 1942, when the First Marine Division was relieved.

After receiving his commission as a second lieutenant, he fought in the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945.

Following the war, he received degrees from Yale University in 1947 and Harvard Law School in 1950.

At Yale, he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon (Phi chapter) and Skull and Bones fraternities.

Chafee became active in behind-the-scenes Rhode Island politics by helping elect a mayor of Providence in the early 1950s.

In 1951, he was recalled to active service to be a Marine rifle company commander during the Korean War with Dog Company, 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines.

Author James Brady in his memoir of the Korean War and serving as a Marine under Chafee writes: "Nowhere, at any time, did John Chafee serve more nobly than he did as a Marine officer commanding a rifle company in the mountains of North Korea."

and that "He was the only truly great man I've yet met in my life..."

Chafee's military awards include three awards of the Presidential Unit Citation, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the Korean Service Medal and the United Nations Korea Medal.

He successfully ran for a seat in the Rhode Island House of Representatives in 1956 and later became the minority leader.

He was re-elected in 1958 and 1960, the latter a year when many Republicans were swept from office in his state.

Chafee was elected governor in 1962, defeating Democratic incumbent John A. Notte Jr. The election was notable for being one of the narrowest in Rhode Island history, Chafee received 50.06% of the vote to Notte's 49.94%, winning by a margin of just 0.12%.

However, Chafee quickly became popular with both Rhode Island's Republicans and Democrats, allowing him to win re-election by margins of almost 2-to-1 in 1964 and 1966.

The 1964 victory made Chafee one of the few bright spots in a disastrous year for Republicans nationally; Lyndon Johnson carried the state with an unheard-of 83 percent of the vote.

As governor, Chafee helped create the state's public transportation administration as well as what was known as the Green Acres program, a conservation effort.

A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 66th Governor of Rhode Island, as the Secretary of the Navy, and as a United States Senator.

Chafee was born in Providence, Rhode Island, to a politically active family.

He was the son of Janet Melissa (née Hunter) and John Sharpe Chafee.

One of his daughters, Tribbie, died following an accident at a horse show in October 1968 at the age of 14.

In 1968, he served as chair of the Republican Governors Association.

He served as governor until 1969, when he was surprisingly defeated by underdog Democrat Frank Licht.

He was appointed Secretary of the Navy in 1969 by President Richard Nixon.

Chafee's tenure as secretary was marked by a willingness to make bold decisions and stand by them.

Emblematic of this was his decision to elevate Admiral Elmo Zumwalt as Chief of Naval Operations over 33 more senior officers, and his judicious handling of the USS Pueblo situation, in which North Korean forces, during the previous administration, had boarded and captured a navy intelligence ship.

His action as Secretary of the Navy that is most clearly remembered is his disapproval of the recommendation to court martial Commander Lloyd Bucher, the commanding officer of the Pueblo, once the release of the crew had been secured.

Because it was clear that the guilt clearly rested on the North Koreans and not Bucher or the sailors on the Pueblo, Chafee stated that "Bucher and his men have suffered enough", and that a court martial would only add insult to injury.

Reasons ascribed for the defeat include the fact that, after running three times on a strong anti-income tax platform, Chafee now said that such a tax was imperative (indeed his anti-tax opponent went on to champion one in 1971); and that he stopped campaigning after his daughter was killed.

He served as Secretary of the Navy until 1972, when he resigned to run for the U.S. Senate.

After an unsuccessful candidacy for the Senate in 1972 against Democratic incumbent Claiborne Pell, Chafee was elected to that body in 1976 to succeed retiring Democrat John Pastore.

He joined the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works in 1977 and made environmental matters a chief concern, often breaking with his party to the delight of conservation groups.

He chaired that committee during his last term in office, from 1995 to 1999.