Ismith Khan

His paternal grandfather, Kale Khan, left British India after participating in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and migrated to British Guiana.

He later moved to Trinidad and Tobago, where he established a jewellery business.

After surviving the Hosay massacre in 1884, Kale Khan settled in Port of Spain where he established what his grandson later described as "the largest and most famous jewellery shop in Port of Spain".

He lived with his son Faiez and his family when Ismith was a child, and inspired one of the main characters in The Jumbie Bird.

Mohamed Ismith Khan (March 16, 1925 – April 24, 2002), better known as Ismith Khan, was a Trinidad and Tobago-born American author and educator.

He is best known for his novel The Jumbie Bird, a semi-autobiographical work which blends Indian and Afro-Caribbean mythology and experience to explore the creation of a new Indo-Caribbean identity.

Ismith Khan was born to Faiez and Zinab Khan in Port of Spain, to a Muslim family of Indian Pathan descent.

Khan had met Selvon in 1941 when Khan's sister, Betty, and Selvon's brother, Dennis, were married.

Khan and Selvon worked together at the Guardian and became "lifelong friends".

Khan considered his friendship with Selvon to be "the single most powerful influence on him becoming a writer".

While working at the Guardian, Khan was assigned to interview Mariam Ghose, a graduate student at Michigan State University who was in Trinidad and Tobago doing research.

Ismith Khan attended Queen's Royal College, where he completed the Cambridge School Certificate and graduated in 1945.

In 1947 he enrolled in the Indiana University Fort Wayne to study engineering, but dropped out after a year because he was short on funds.

He returned to Trinidad and Tobago in 1948 and took a job as a reporter at the Trinidad Guardian newspaper at the recommendation of Sam Selvon.

Ghose encouraged Khan to apply for a tuition scholarship to Michigan State University, and in the fall of 1948 Khan left Trinidad and Tobago to pursue a degree in sociology.

Khan and Ghose were married in 1949.

He completed his course work, but was unable to graduate because he was unwilling to take a course in physical education, which the degree required.

In 1952, two courses short of a degree, Khan transferred to The New School for Social Research in New York, where he completed his degree in sociology.

Originally interested in journalism, Khan took several fiction-writing workshops at The New School, which prompted him to pursue fiction instead of journalism.

Khan taught at The New School and Johns Hopkins University between 1955 and 1970.

In 1958, Khan became an American citizen.

While living in New York, Khan wrote his first two novels, The Jumbie Bird and The Obeah Man, and most of his short stories.

Khan's first novel, The Jumbie Bird, was published in 1961.

Khan's first novel, The Jumbie Bird, was published in 1961, on the eve of Trinidad and Tobago's independence from the British Empire.

It tells the story of three generations of men – Kale Khan, the grandfather, a Pathan from India who migrated to Trinidad as a free immigrant (not an indentured labourer); his Trinidadian-born son, Rahim; and Rahim's son, Jamini.

The book is semi-autobiographical (Khan based Kale Khan closely on this grandfather, using both his name and personality).

The novel also blends Indian and Afro-Caribbean mythology and experience to explore the creation of a new Indo-Caribbean identity.

In 1964 Khan met Vera Reichler and became romantically involved with her.

His second novel, The Obeah Man, was published in 1964 and his third novel, The Crucifixion, which was written as part of his master's thesis, was published in 1987.

Khan's second novel, The Obeah Man, was published in 1964.

It tells the story of Zampi, an obeah man who lives at Blue Basin in the hills above Diego Martin, west of Port of Spain; his lover, Zolda, who lives in a hut at La Basse, a community built on the margin of a landfill on the east side of Port of Spain; and two other residents of La Basse – Hop and Drop, a disabled man, and Massahood, a stick–fighter.

The novel spans a three-day period from Carnival Monday morning through Ash Wednesday morning.

They moved in together in 1966, and were married in 1969 after his divorce was finalised.

In the fall of that year they moved from New York to Baltimore after Khan was admitted to the creative writing program at Johns Hopkins University.

In 1970 Khan received an M.A. in creative writing and submitted The Crucifixion, which he had started writing before leaving New York, as his thesis.

Between 1970 and 1982 he was based in California, and taught at the University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, University of Southern California, and California State College, Long Beach.

After the end of his third marriage in 1982, he returned to New York, where he continued to write and taught as an adjunct at Medgar Evers College.

Khan's work was overshadowed by his two more prominent Indo-Trinidadian contemporary novelists – V.S. Naipaul and Sam Selvon.

Khan's relative obscurity may have been due to the fact that he was based in the United States while his contemporaries were based in London, which "functioned as the English Caribbean's literary capital" and provided a support network.

A collection of short stories, A Day in the Country and Other Stories, was published in 1990.