Iajuddin Ahmed

Iajuddin Ahmed (1 February 1931 – 10 December 2012) was the President of Bangladesh, serving from 6 September 2002 until 12 February 2009.

Ahmed obtained his BSc and MS at the University of Dhaka in 1952 and 1954, respectively.

He later received his MS and PhD degrees in 1958 and 1962, respectively, from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States.

Returning to the University of Dhaka, Ahmed joined the faculty as an assistant professor in the Department of Soil Science.

He moved up in the ranks until he became a full professor in the department.

He held the posts at the university of chairman of the Soil Science Department of Dhaka University and dean of the Faculty of Biological Science, Dhaka University.

He was also provost of Salimullah Muslim Hall.

Ahmed is credited with developing a process that preserved nutrients in soil and later released them according to the needs of the vegetation.

In 1984, Professor Ahmed was a visiting professor at Cornell University in the United States and the German Technical University and University of Göttingen in Germany.

During the 1990s Professor Ahmed was the president of the Federation of University Teachers Association in Bangladesh (FUTA).

He led the anti-autocratic movement.

Beginning in 1991, he started accepting appointments to public positions, as chairman of the Public Service Commission (1991 to 1993) and of the University Grants Commission (1995 to 1999).

Ahmed was an adviser in The Caretaker government in 1991.

He was also chairman of the Public Service Commission from 1991 to 1993.

He served as chairman of the University Grants Commission from 1995 to 1999.

In 2002 he won election as president.

Ahmed became President of Bangladesh in 2002 after becoming the only candidate to register for presidential elections.

By that time, the position of prime minister was considered the top political role in the Bangladesh government.

In 2004 he helped establish the private university, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology (ADUST).

From late October 2006 to January 2007, he also served as Chief Advisor of The Caretaker government.

From October 2006 to early 2008, his responsibilities as president included the Defense Ministry of The Caretaker government.

With a doctorate in soil science, Ahmed became a full professor at the University of Dhaka and chairman of the department.

During his presidency, Ahmed directed the writing and publication of two books about the nation, Hundred Years of Bangabhaban and Bangabhabaner Shatabarsha. These were published in 2006 by Bangabhaban's press wing, under the initiative of his advisor, Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury.

According to the constitution, the immediate past Chief Justice is appointed as Chief Advisor during a caretaker government.

After Justice KM Hasan declined the position, reportedly because of ill health, five other men were considered for the position.

The last option was for the President to take over, as provided for in the constitution.

Ahmed was sworn in as the Chief Advisor of The Caretaker Government at 8:00 pm (Bangladesh standard time) on 29 October 2006 after the main political parties failed to agree on another candidate.

The opposition parties resisted his appointment, because he had been elected by the majority-BNP parliament.

Iajuddin Ahmed as Chief Advisor was to oversee the forthcoming elections, planned for 22 January 2007, while continuing his responsibilities as president.

Sheikh Hasina of the Awami League and her allies demanded Ahmed's resignation, but he declined.

At first the Awami League and its allies announced they would boycott the planned election because of BNP influence.

The President's advisor, Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury, met with Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia in an attempt to convince both parties to take part in the election.

Finally on 23 December they both agreed to participate in the 22 January 2007 polls.

At the last minute, on 3 January, Awami League and its allies withdrew from the election, jeopardising the country's stability.

The European Union and UN withdrew its election overseers, saying AL's actions made a fair election impossible.

Concerned that a one-party election would jeopardise the nation's lucrative participation in United Nations' peacekeeping mission and that The Caretaker government would have difficulty resisting takeover by the BNP, the military intervened on 11 January 2007.

A group including General Moeen U Ahmed, Army Chief, persuaded Iajuddin Ahmed to declare a state of emergency and resign, appointing an Interim Chief Advisor.

Opponents of the military intervention were concerned about the threat to democracy, but many others were relieved to have professional technocrats leading efforts to stabilise the country and reduce corruption in the government.

On 12 January, Fakruddin, formerly with the World Bank, was appointed as Chief Advisor.

On 11 January 2007, Dr. Iajuddin Ahmed resigned from his position as Chief Advisor of The Caretaker Government, having already received the resignations of his advisors.