Henri Goetz

Henri Bernard Goetz (September 29, 1909 – August 12, 1989) was a French American surrealist painter and engraver.

He is known for his artwork, as well as for inventing the carborundum printmaking process.

His work is represented in more than 100 galleries worldwide.

Goetz was born in New York City in 1909.

His father ran an electrical plant.

He later described his mother as a "quasi-academic" because of the two large parenting books she owned.

He began drawing because the books told that a child needs a certain number of hours outside in a day, and as such he was not allowed to come home before six.

On one rainy day, he made use of his time by drawing.

However, he was frustrated with his clumsy drawing, and tore it up.

He later asked his mother to beat him for his failure as an artist.

In July, 1930, he decided to leave America to go to Paris, using money he had saved working as a golf caddie and as an apprentice electrical engineer.

The day after arriving in Paris, Goetz began attending the Académie Colarossi, aiming to split his time between the studios there and those at the Académie Julian and the Académie de la Grande Chaumière.

He also frequented the Montparnasse art studios, including the studio of Amédée Ozenfant.

In September 1935, Goetz met Christine Boumeester at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière.

Christine was a very shy Dutch painter from Java, Indonesia.

Goetz invited her to visit his studio, and she moved in with him several days later.

They were married when Christine's parents visited them in Paris.

He credited Christine with much of his early development from realism to his more modern surrealist painting style.

Around this time he met Hans Hartung, who introduced him to his circle of friends.

Through this, he met Fernand Léger and Wassily Kandinsky.

As World War II began, both Goetz and his wife worked with the French Resistance.

They printed leaflets on a simple printing press and created posters to paste on walls around Paris.

However, they primarily worked to forge identity documents.

In 1939, Goetz, Christian Dotremont, and Raoul Ubac created La Main à Plume, the first surrealist publication under the Occupation.

The group made false documents for a Czech poet who, upon being caught by the German authorities, told them of the surrealists who would be meeting in a few days.

The group was arrested, although Goetz was not among them.

However, Ubec was arrested, and the authorities found a note from Goetz detailing instructions on forging identity cards.

For this, as well as for Goetz's American nationality, he and Christine were forced to flee to Côte d'Azur.

They moved to Cannes, where Goetz was forced to take on such jobs as cutting sandstone.

After the Liberation of Paris in 1944, Goetz and his wife were able to return.

In 1968, Christine became ill.

She lived with her illness for three years, before dying in Paris on January 10, 1971.

After her death, he came across a number of her journals, which he published in a book called Christine Boumeester's notebooks.

He prefaced the book.

After being hospitalized for an illness, Goetz committed suicide by jumping from the fifth floor of the hospital, dying in Nice, France on August 12, 1989.

When he was eighteen, he left home to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he studied to be an electrical engineer.

However, he started taking evening art classes and began to devote his summer vacations to painting instead of apprenticeship.

He decided to enroll at Harvard University, also in Cambridge, where he attended art history lectures with the intent of becoming a museum curator.

While attending classes in Fogg Museum, he realized he wanted to be an artist.

He left Harvard the next year to attend the Grand Central School of Art in New York City, where he enrolled in morning, evening, and night classes.