Fred Ascani

Fred J. Ascani (born Alfredo John Ascani; May 29, 1917 – March 28, 2010) was an American major general and test pilot of the United States Air Force.

He was one of the "Men of Mach 1" and was considered the father of systems engineering at Wright Field.

Ascani was born on May 29, 1917, in Beloit, Wisconsin, to Italian immigrants just 14 years after the Wright brothers achieved powered flight.

His interest in aviation was sparked in 1927 when he watched Charles Lindbergh fly overhead in the Spirit of St. Louis on his historic flight to Paris.

His family moved to Rockford, Illinois, several miles downriver from Beloit, where Ascani attended Rockford High School and enjoyed a hobby building model airplanes.

He graduated as high school valedictorian in 1935 and attended Beloit College for two years.

In 1937, Ascani was accepted at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.

He graduated 34th out of a class of 425 and in 1941 was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Army Corps of Engineers.

Engineering took a back seat to aviation when Ascani was sent to Hicks Field for initial flight training and Foster Army Air Field for advanced flight training.

After the U.S. entered World War II, Ascani was assigned as an instructor and squadron commander of the Twin Engine Advanced Flying School in Columbus, Mississippi.

Although he had hopes this assignment would be a stepping stone for a combat tour in fighters, Captain Ascani was instead sent to Hendricks Field in Florida, to transition to four-engine aircraft.

In December 1943, he was placed in command of the 815th Bombardment Squadron of the 483rd Bomb Group.

In January 1946, Ascani met his new boss, Colonel Al Boyd, who would have a significant impact on both USAF flight test and Ascani's career.

Boyd and Ascani worked well together, and Ascani became Boyd's deputy both at Wright Field and later at Edwards Air Force Base.

One notable decision made by Boyd and Ascani was the pilot choice for who would first break the sound barrier.

Although Ascani had initially recommended Major Ken Chilstrom, they eventually agreed that Chuck Yeager would pilot the Bell X-1, and Chilstrom would fly the performance, stability and control tests in the new XP-86.

During his tour at Edwards AFB, Ascani flew a wide variety of research aircraft including the X-1, X-4, X-5, and the XF-92A.

A highlight of his flying career occurred in 1951 when he flew an F-86E at the National Air Show in Detroit, Michigan, and established a new 100-kilometer closed course speed record of 635 mph.

In September 1951, Colonel Ascani was named vice commander of the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB.

In 1953, Ascani left flight test for a time.

He studied for a year at the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base.

In June 1955, he was assigned as the wing commander of the 50th Fighter Bomber Wing, Hahn, Germany, and Toul-Rosières Air Base, France.

After completing his overseas tour, Ascani returned to Wright-Patterson AFB in 1957 as the Deputy Chief of Staff/Plans and Operations at the Wright Air Development Center (WADC).

For many years, the USAF was under increasing pressure to reduce the time needed to convert new technologies into usable weapon systems.

In May 1959, Ascani was one of twelve Colonels appointed to a committee, by the commander of the, then, Air Research and Development Command (ARDC), General Bernard Schriever, to resolve this issue.

Ascani wrote a paper describing a systems engineering group that would be the interface between the laboratories and the product managers.

Ascani's paper was the genesis of the committee's recommendations, which became known as the Maxwell Report, released in July 1959.

Over the next four years, Wright Field science, engineering, and management capabilities were reorganized to comply with the details of the Report and the vision of General Schriever.

Ascani played a key role in implementing the reorganization and was assigned as the first Director of Systems Engineering.

In April 1961, Ascani was assigned as deputy commander and system program director of the XB-70 Valkyrie project.

Although only two were constructed, the sleek Mach 3 bomber pioneered technological advances used in later high speed aircraft such as the YF-12 and SR-71.

Ascani's organizational skills were put to the test once again when, in 1962, he was appointed chairman of a task force to realign the Air Force Systems Command functions at Wright Field.

The resulting structure of four laboratories and a systems engineering group has remained relatively unchanged to the present day.

In 1964, Ascani was named commander of the Systems Engineering Group and deputy commander of the Research and Technology Division at Wright-Patterson AFB.

The 816th was based in Foggia, Italy, and Ascani flew 53 combat missions in the B-17, including a secret mission delivery of supplies in German-occupied Czechoslovakia to partisans and the evacuation of escaping Allied airmen.

Two of his missions were to Ploieşti, Rumania, and one to Memmingen, Germany, where he lost his entire squadron flying at the rear on an unescorted mission after being attacked from behind by over 200 German fighters.

Upon his return to the U.S., Lt. Colonel Ascani was transferred to the Flight Test Division at Wright Field where he was assigned chief of the bomber test section.

He attended the Flight Performance School (now the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School) and graduated with class 46.

After completing the coursework, Ascani was selected as the group commander of the 86th Fighter Interceptor Group based in Landstuhl, Germany.

After additional training in the B-17 Flying Fortress, Major Ascani joined the 816th Bombardment Squadron as its commander.