Frank Collin

His father, Max Frank Collin, was born Max Simon Cohn in Munich, Germany, on August 23, 1913, the son of Jewish parents who were murdered in The Holocaust, and was a survivor of Dachau concentration camp.

Frank's mother, Virginia Gertrude née Hardyman, was born in Chicago on August 18, 1920, and was Catholic.

Francis Joseph Collin (born November 3, 1944) is an American former political activist and Midwest coordinator with the American Nazi Party, later known as the National Socialist White People's Party.

As a young man, Collin in the 1960s joined George Lincoln Rockwell's National Socialist White People's Party.

He became the Midwest coordinator.

Collin then offered a compromise, offering to march in Chicago's Marquette Park (where Martin Luther King had been attacked in 1966) instead of Skokie.

He broke with the NSWPP due to a disagreement with Rockwell's successor, Matt Koehl, who was elected as the party leader by popular vote after Rockwell was assassinated on August 25, 1967.

The falling out stemmed in part from published accounts by Max Collin, Frank's father, who said that he was a Jewish Holocaust survivor and had changed his name from Cohen (or Cohn) to Collin.

Frank Collin denied having Jewish roots and maintained that his father was not telling the truth.

After being ousted for being partly Jewish (which he denied), in 1970, Collin founded the National Socialist Party of America.

(N.S.P.A.) In the late 1970s, his planned march in the predominantly Jewish suburb of Skokie, Illinois was challenged; however, the American Civil Liberties Union defended Collin's group's freedom of speech and assembly in a case that reached the United States Supreme Court to correct procedural deficiencies.

In 1970, Collin formed another organization, the National Socialist Party of America (NSPA), later known as the American Nazi Party.

It attracted other disaffected members of the NSWPP, as well as Michael Allen, Gary Lauck and Harold Covington.

Covington helped buy a building for the group which they called Rockwell Hall, where Collin and some other members lived in a barracks in upper floor.

Collin ran for alderman of Chicago in 1975 and pulled 16% of the vote.

The NSPA began holding anti-black demonstrations in Chicago's Marquette Park.

The Chicago authorities became concerned about violence and passed an ordinance which required demonstrations to post large insurance bonds.

Collin went to the ACLU and they filed a suit.

While the case was proceeding without public notice, Collin attempted to contact other cities about holding demonstrations.

Skokie, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, responded with a notice that the group would need to post a bond, similar to the recently enacted ordinance in Chicago.

Collin's plan for his neo-Nazi group to march in uniforms through Skokie, which was heavily Jewish with numerous residents who were Holocaust survivors, generated public outrage and the media attention which Collin sought.

Specifically, the necessity of immediate appellate review of orders restraining the exercise of First Amendment rights was strongly emphasized in National Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie, 432 U.S. 43 (1977).

Afterward, the Illinois Supreme Court held that the party had a right to march and to display swastikas, despite local opposition, based on the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Also in 1977, Koehl's NSWPP began a campaign in their paper White Power about Collin's father being Jewish, including publications of what they stated were Max Simon Cohn's naturalization records.

Collin and the NSPA leadership continued to deny the claim and said the images were fakes.

During this time, according to Jeffrey Kaplan, Covington found pictures in Frank Collin's desk that linked Collin to the sexual abuse of young boys.

In what Kaplan described as a play for power in the organization, Covington and the other NSPA members turned the evidence on Collin over to the police.

After Collin was arrested, Covington took over leadership of the NSPA and moved the headquarters from Chicago to North Carolina.

After Collin was convicted and sentenced in 1979 for child molestation, he lost his position in the party.

After being released early on parole from prison, Collin created a new career as a writer, publishing numerous books under the pen name Frank Joseph. He wrote New Age and "hyperdiffusionist" works supporting the pseudoarchaeological idea that Old World peoples had migrated to North America in ancient times and created its complex societies of indigenous peoples.

This thesis is rejected by mainstream scholars.

Collin was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, where he attended local schools.

A 1980 article in The New York Times reported that "Frank Collin was expelled from the American Nazi Party for illicit intercourse with minors and the use of Nazi headquarters in Chicago for purposes of sodomy with children. The report indicates that the Nazis "tipped" the police who arrested Collin. Collin was convicted of child molestation and sentenced to seven years in prison at the Pontiac Correctional Center in 1979. He served three years.

Upon his release from prison, Collin "reinvented himself under the pseudonym of Frank Joseph, a New Age writer and pagan worshiper."

His time in the Pontiac Correctional Facility in Illinois had coincided with the period when Russell E. Burrows worked there as a prison guard.

He subsequently wrote many books and articles in support of Burrows Cave, an alleged cache of ancient treasure in an unrevealed location, supposedly discovered by Russell Burrows in southern Illinois." In 1987, he had his first New Age book published, The Destruction of Atlantis: Compelling Evidence of the Sudden Fall of the Legendary Civilization.

He wrote articles for Fate magazine, and he was also the editor of The Ancient American magazine.

The Ancient American focuses on what it says is evidence of ancient, pre-Columbian transoceanic contact between the Old World and North America, with the implication that all complex aspects of North America's indigenous cultures must have originated on other continents.

The magazine's claims are similar to discredited nineteenth century theories, and as a result, they are considered dubious or exploitative by scholars.

Dan Burros