Francis L. Sampson

Father (Major General) Francis Leon Sampson, USA (February 29, 1912 – January 28, 1996) was a Catholic priest from Archdiocese for the Military Services and an American Army officer who served as the 12th Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army from 1967 to 1971.

His real-life story of rescuing a young soldier, Frederick "Fritz" Niland, became the inspiration for the film Saving Private Ryan.

Francis L. Sampson was born on 29 February 1912, in Cherokee, Iowa.

He attended the University of Notre Dame, graduating in 1936 with an A.B. degree, and then entered the St. Paul Seminary at Saint Paul, Minnesota, where he completed a B.S. degree in theology in 1941.

He was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood for the Des Moines, Iowa, diocese on June 1, 1941.

Following his ordination, Father Sampson served briefly as a parish priest in Neola, Iowa, and also taught at Dowling High School in Des Moines.

Sampson received permission from his bishop, the Most Reverend Gerald T. Bergan, of Des Moines, Iowa to enter the United States Army as a chaplain.

It was at Harvard University, strangely enough, that he really began his odyssey; for it was at Harvard that new Army chaplains received their initial entry training into the Army chaplaincy during World War II.

After finishing the course, Sampson volunteered for an airborne assignment.

It was also a decision, he wrote later, that was made out of ignorance.

"Like a zealous young business man, starting to in a strange town," he admitted, "I was ready to join anything out of a sheer sense of civic duty."

He entered the Army in 1942 and was commissioned.

Members of the 501st PIR were present on D-Day, June 6, 1944.

They helped to gain an Allied toehold at Carentan on the coast of France.

Chaplain Sampson landed in the Douve River at Saint-Come-du-Mont and stayed with the wounded who could not be moved at a large farmhouse, which had been used at the unit's command post until moved farther away from enemy lines.

The area became taken over by units of the 6 Fallschirmjager.

He was then taken prisoner by two soldiers, and put up against a wall to be shot.

Sampson recalled that he was so frightened that instead of reciting an Act of Contrition, the usual prayer for the forgiveness of sins, he kept repeating to himself the Catholic blessing before meals: "Bless us, Our Lord, and these Thy gifts, which we are about to receive through Thy bounty through Christ Our Lord, Amen."

Rescued at the last minute by a German noncommissioned officer who was Catholic, Chaplain Sampson was escorted to a nearby German intelligence post, where he was interrogated, found harmless and then released.

He returned to the medic station at Basse-Addeville (Saint-Come-du-Mont) and helped treat both German and American wounded soldiers.

Sampson was later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the nation's second highest American military award, for his selfless help to the soldiers.

During what was supposed to be a well-deserved rest at Mourmelon, there was a surprise assault by German forces through the Ardennes.

This was to become the Battle of the Bulge.

From the confusion Sampson was taken prisoner again on 19 December 1944.

He was sealed in a train for six days without food or water, and the train was also attacked at intervals by American aircraft.

Imprisoned in Stalag II A, near Neubrandenburg, Chaplain Sampson was allowed to remain in the enlisted men's prison, rather than the officer's prison, at his own request.

At midnight on 28 April 1945, Russian tanks freed the camp and ended the four months of bitter winter imprisonment.

Sampson experienced mass rapes and the complete destruction of Neubrandenburg by the Soviets.

In October 1945, Sampson returned to the United States and Dowling High School in Des Moines.

He returned to active duty in July 1946, as a regimental chaplain with the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division.

He was regimental chaplain with the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment, from 1947 to 1951.

In 1948, a book was published by The Catholic University of America Press of letters he had written, the book was called the Paratrooper Padre.

He then joined the 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, of the 101st Airborne Division, as the regimental chaplain.

Cornelius Ryan in The Longest Day, John Eisenhower in The Bitter Woods, and John Toland in Battle and The Last Hundred Days wrote about the beloved chaplain.

While many saw Sampson as a heroic figure, Sampson remembered in those initial days among the hedgerows of Normandy, "no pair of knees shook more than my own, nor any heart ever beat faster in times of danger."

He served in Korea until he was sent home in 1951.

Then he served as an instructor at the U.S. Army Chaplain School at Fort Slocum, New York, until 1954.

From 1955 to 1958 he served as the 11th Airborne Division chaplain.

It is about his time with the 101st Airborne from D-day to VE-day.

The following years saw him serve a number of important posts.