Eliot Noyes

Eliot Fette Noyes (August 12, 1910 – July 18, 1977) was an American architect and industrial designer, who worked on projects for IBM, most notably the IBM Selectric typewriter and the IBM Aerospace Research Center in Los Angeles, California.

Noyes was also a pioneer in development of comprehensive corporate-wide design programs that integrated design strategy and business strategy.

Noyes worked on corporate imagery for IBM, Mobil Oil, Cummins Engine and Westinghouse.

Eliot Noyes was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Shortly after his birth, Noyes moved to Colorado where he resided until age seven.

At this point, Noyes and his family moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Noyes’ father taught English at Harvard University and his mother was an accomplished pianist.

He was not always set on architecture.

As a teen, he seriously contemplated becoming a painter; however by age 19 he had his mind set on architecture.

Noyes was notable among architects of the 20th century modern period in American architectural history (1910—1997).

He was a member of the Harvard Five, a group of modern architects who practiced in New Canaan, Connecticut.

He first enrolled at Harvard University in 1932 to obtain a bachelor's degree in the Classics.

Noyes’ experience at Harvard was unlike the other four members of the Harvard Five.

When he arrived at Harvard, the school was still under the influence of the Beaux-Arts architecture movement – hardly the modernist influence that the other four received.

However, after meeting guest lecturer Le Corbusier in the school library, his architectural outlook changed entirely.

He was inspired by Le Corbusier's work and researched the Bauhaus.

In his junior year at Harvard, he traveled to Iran for an archaeological expedition.

Upon returning to the school, Noyes found that Harvard had undergone a complete revolution.

Gropius and Breuer had already arrived there, and with them came a new modernist spirit at the school.

In 1938 he received his architecture degree from Harvard Graduate School of Design.

While at Harvard, Noyes was also a member of the Harvard soaring club and flew the club's new Schweizer Aircraft-built SGU1-7 glider.

After graduating with his masters in architecture in 1938, Noyes joined Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer's firm in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

From 1939 to 1946, Noyes was employed by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City as director of industrial design.

He took leave from MoMA during World War II to set up a program to explore the potential uses for gliders by the Army Air Force.

Noyes began his career working for Walter Gropius, and in the 1940s was instrumental in promoting the early work of Charles Eames and Eero Saarinen as curator of industrial design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

An instance of this was the MoMA competition Organic Design in Home Furnishings, which was published in a book by the museum.

Noyes believed that each region of the United States has buildings inspired by the climate.

Noyes' first house, built in 1941, was the Jackson House in Dover, MA.

This was followed in 1950 by the Tallman House and Bremer House in New Canaan.

Residing in New Canaan for 30 years, he designed more residential buildings including the Ault House (1951), the Weeks House (1953), and the Noyes House (1955).

In 1953 he designed bubble houses which were built the next year in Hobe Sound, Florida.

Prior to his work on the Selectric, Noyes was commissioned in 1956 by Thomas J. Watson, Jr to create IBM's first corporate-wide design program — indeed, these influential efforts, in which Noyes collaborated with Paul Rand and Charles Eames, have been referred to as the first comprehensive design program in American business.

Noyes was commissioned regularly by IBM to design various products as well as buildings for the corporation.

Noyes also redesigned the standard look for all round Mobil gasoline stations and fuel pumps during the 1960s (and hired the graphic design firm Chermayeff & Geismar to redesign the Mobil logo).

His New Canaan, Connecticut residence is regarded as an important piece of Modernist architecture.

Noyes spent twenty-one years working as consultant design director for IBM, designing the IBM Selectric typewriter in 1961 and numerous other products, while also advising the IBM internal design staff.

His most famous and well known of these buildings are the IBM building in Garden City, New York (1966), the IBM Aerospace Building in Los Angeles, California (1964), the IBM Pavilion Hemisfair in San Antonio, Texas (1968), and the IBM Management Development Center in Armonk, New York (1980).

Noyes also selected other notable architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Eero Saarinen, Marco Zanuso and Marcel Breuer to design IBM buildings around the world.

He later served as an industrial designer for Norman Bel Geddes and Co. In 1967 he was inducted into the National Academy.

One of his most notable designs was the Wilton Library (1974) in the neighboring town of Wilton, Connecticut.