El Anatsui

El Anatsui (born 4 February 1944) is a Ghanaian sculptor active for much of his career in Nigeria.

He has drawn particular international attention for his "bottle-top installations".

These installations consist of thousands of aluminum pieces sourced from alcohol recycling stations and sewn together with copper wire, which are then transformed into metallic cloth-like wall sculptures.

Such materials, while seemingly stiff and sturdy, are actually free and flexible, which often helps with manipulation when installing his sculptures.

Anatsui was included in the 2023 Time 100 list of the world's most influential people.

El Anatsui was born in Anyako, in the Volta Region of Ghana.

The youngest of his father's 32 children, Anatsui lost his mother and was raised by his uncle.

His first experience with art was through drawing letters on a chalkboard.

He trained at the College of Art, University of Science and Technology, in Kumasi in central Ghana.

One of his early influences was sculptor Vincent Akwete Kofi.

His work with sculpture and wood carving started as a hobby to keep alive the traditions he grew up with.

He began teaching at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in 1975, and has become affiliated with the Nsukka group.

"It has taken many years to find artists who can occupy a prominent place on the global circuit while choosing to reside outside the metropolitan centres. William Kentridge has made his reputation from Johannesburg, and El Anatsui has conquered the planet while living and working in the Nigerian university town of Nsukka."

Anatsui's career grew gradually, starting in his home village of Nsukka before branching off to places such as Enugu and Lagos, and eventually internationally.

In 1990, Anatsui had his first important group show at the Studio Museum In Harlem, New York.

He also was one of three artists singled out in the 1990 exhibition "Contemporary African Artists: Changing Traditions", which was extended for five years.

Anatsui was selected to be a member of the International Society for Education through Art (InSEA) world council in 1992 for his work in education.

In 1995, Anatsui held his first solo exhibition outside of Africa in London.

He expressed a variety of themes and demonstrated how African art can be shown in a multitude of ways that are not seen as "typical" African.

His work utilized conceptual modes used by European and American artists but hardly in African countries.

Anatsui showed his work at the de Young Museum in San Francisco in 2005.

This was his first time "appear[ing] as part of the permanent collection in a major art museum".

Also in 2005, his exhibition at New York's Skoto Gallery, "Danudo," was the first display of his metal sheets in an American city.

At this gallery, Skoto Aghahowa presented Anatsui's wood wall panels alongside Sol LeWitt's drawings.

This exhibition popularized his bottle-cap works as he gained more recognition in the press.

Anatsui was invited to the Venice Biennale in 2006 and again in 2007 where he was commissioned to make two hanging metal tapestries.

During the 2007 edition, he exhibited his works at the Palazzo Fortuny which consisted of newly built walls for him to display three metal hangings entitled Dusasa.

Each artwork demonstrated different textures and colors including golds, reds, and blacks.

The way the bottle tops draped throughout the hangings created a sense of gentleness that made it stand apart from the other works in the gallery.

The art curator of the Biennale, Robert Storr, mentions that the artist's series "reaches back into a whole series of things in the postwar period-it has a kind of exaltation I have not seen before".

During this Venetian showing, Anatsui wanted to create a new experience for his viewers conceptually.

He believes that "human life is not something which is cut and dried. It is something that is constantly in a state of change."

At this point, he began to refer his metalworks as hangings instead of "cloths".

A 2010 retrospective of his work, entitled When I Last Wrote to You About Africa, was organized by the Museum for African Art and opened at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

It subsequently toured venues in the United States for three years, concluding at the University of Michigan Museum of Art.

Organized by the Akron Art Museum (exhibition: 2012), the exhibition later traveled to the Des Moines Art Center (2013–14) and the Bass Museum of Art in Miami (2014).

Anatsui has since exhibited his work around the world, including at the Brooklyn Museum (2013); the Clark Art Institute (2011); the Rice University Art Gallery, Houston (2010); the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (2008–09); the National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (2008); the Fowler Museum at UCLA (2007); the Venice Biennale (1990 and 2007); the Hayward Gallery (2005); the Liverpool Biennial (2002); the National Museum of African Art (2001); the Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona (2001); the 8th Osaka Sculpture Triennale (1995); the 5th Gwangju Biennale (2004); the Arab Museum of Modern Art in Doha (2019); and the Kunstmuseum Bern (2020).

A major exhibition of recent works, entitled Gravity & Grace: Monumental Works by El Anatsui, had its New York premiere at the Brooklyn Museum in 2013.

A career-spanning survey of his work, organized by Okwui Enwezor and Chika Okeke-Agulu, entitled Triumphant Scale drew record-breaking crowds when it opened, in March 2019 at Munich's Haus der Kunst.

From there, the show travelled to the Arab Museum of Modern Art, in Doha, and later to the Kunstmuseum Bern in 2020.