Effendi Simbolon

Effendi Muara Sakti Simbolon (born 1 December 1964) is an Indonesian politician of PDI-P who has been a member of the People's Representative Council (DPR) since 2004.

Despite coming from the same political party, Simbolon was a noted critic of president Joko Widodo, especially in Widodo's first years as president.

Simbolon was born in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan on 1 December 1964.

He received elementary education in Banjarbaru, before moving to Jakarta where he studied in a state-funded middle school.

After completing his high school at SMAN 3 Jakarta, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in corporate management from Jayabaya University in 1988.

Later on, after entering public office, he studied for a master's degree in politics and another degree in international relations from Padjadjaran University.

Simbolon is of Batak descent, and is the chairman of the Simbolon clan's association (Punguan Simbolon Baruna Indonesia).

Prior to being elected into office, Simbolon worked as a consultant for a fertiliser company and later in various management positions.

Simbolon was first elected into the People's Representative Council following the 2004 legislative election.

Simbolon was reelected in the 2009 legislative election after winning 59,718 votes.

He was part of committee investigating the bailout of Bank Century, and called for the resignation of vice president Boediono (who was governor of Bank Indonesia when the bailout happened), in addition to the firing of involved ministers including Finance Minister Sri Mulyani.

Within PDI-P, Simbolon was appointed as head of resources and funding of the party's central committee in 2010, though he did not retain a position in that committee for the 2015-2020 period.

Early into new president Joko Widodo's tenure, Simbolon attacked a policy removing fuel subsidies, despite threats of being sanctioned by his own party.

Later in his term, Simbolon ran in North Sumatra's 2013 gubernatorial election, but lost.

Following the 2014 legislative election, Simbolon was elected for his third term in DPR, winning 89,028 votes.

He became a member of the body's first commission, which handles defences and foreign relations.

In January 2015, Simbolon once more criticised the government of Widodo, and called for his impeachment.

Simbolon remarked that Widodo's government was "turbulent", and "did not have a clear system".

He commented then that Widodo will be impeached "within months".

Simbolon again called for Widodo to resign in September 2015 for economic issues and the declining value of the Indonesian rupiah.

Following a shooting of three police officers in Puncak Regency by Free Papua Movement militants, Simbolon blamed Widodo for relaxing visa requirements and not being sufficiently harsh towards the separatism movement.

During a forum in 2015, Simbolon remarked that "Jokowi is not [part of] PDI-P, and was just using PDI-P as a vehicle".

Further criticism continued when Widodo reshuffled his cabinet in 2016, including several ministers which was part of the previous government - resulting in Simbolon attacking it as a "recycled cabinet".

Simbolon also openly disagreed with Widodo's decision to grant amnesty to Acehnese rebel leader Din Minimi in 2016.

Later on in 2017, he declared his intent to run in the 2018 gubernatorial election, but ended up not running.

However, in 2017, Simbolon praised Widodo's government, though he added that the Widodo administration's actions then were different compared to its first two years.

In 2018, a bullet that went astray from a nearby firing range ended up in his office at the DPR/MPR Building.