Ecaterina Szabo

Ecaterina Szabo (Szabó Katalin, ; born 22 January 1967) is a former Romanian artistic gymnast who won 20 Olympic, world and continental medals.

She started gymnastics in 1973 at the Gymnastics School in Oneşti with coaches Maria Cosma and Mihai Agoston.

Later she trained with Márta and Béla Károlyi.

Szabo became the first gymnast to win two Junior European all-around titles, competing against Lavinia Agache and Natalia Ilienko (in 1980) and Olga Mostepanova and Yelena Shushunova (in 1982).

Individually, in 1980 she won gold on vault, beam and floor and placed fourth on uneven bars and in 1982 she won gold on vault and floor, silver on uneven bars and placed fourth on balance beam.

In response to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, 14 Eastern Bloc countries and allies including the Soviet Union, Cuba and East Germany (but not Romania) boycotted the Games.

In the absence of the Soviet competitors, Szabo entered the competition as the favourite.

Even with the Soviets competing, Szabo would have been a strong contender.

While preparing for the Olympics, Szabo scored a perfect 40.0 for her compulsory exercises at a dual meet held in Czechoslovakia.

During the team section of the Olympic Games Szabo performed strongly, leading her team to their first Olympic title and qualifying second into the all-around (mainly due to a fall on bars in the team finals) and into three of the four event finals (vault, beam, and floor).

Szabo was a heavy favorite to win to the all-around title and was dubbed "the next Nadia", after Nadia Comăneci.

In the all-around competition, however, she lost the title by .05 to Mary Lou Retton and received the silver medal.

Despite the second-place finish, she posted the highest cumulative score, which would have given her the title if the competition were held under the New Life rule.

However, she had a strong comeback in the event finals, winning three gold medals on the three event finals she had qualified for; vault, beam and floor.

Despite personal disappointment for not winning the all-around title, Szabo returned home to Romania a heroine.

Later that year, she was elected the most successful athlete of the year in Romania.

After the Károlyis' defection to the United States in 1981, she was coached by Adrian Goreac, Adrian Stan and Maria Cosma at Cetate Deva.

She enjoyed tremendous success as a junior.

Szabo's first major international event was the 1983 European Championships in Goteborg.

There she won gold on floor and uneven bars, silver on vault and bronze (tie) all around.

At the 1983 World Championships she placed third all around after Olga Mostepanova and Natalia Yurchenko.

In this event she scored two perfect tens, one on floor and one on vault.

In addition to her all around bronze she won gold on floor and silver on vault and uneven bars.

She did not qualify for the beam finals.

She also contributed heavily to the team silver medal by scoring perfect tens on floor and uneven bars in the team optional.

Szabo won gold medals in the 1984 Olympics in three individual events (vault, balance beam (tie), and floor exercise), won the all-around silver medal, and contributed to the team gold.

With her four gold medals and a silver medal, Szabo was the most successful athlete at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

1985 was a disappointing year for the multiple Olympic champion.

At the 1985 European Championships Szabo placed sixth on beam and floor, fifth all around and did not qualify in the uneven bars finals.

However, she managed to win a silver medal on vault.

Later that year she had a similar showing at the 1985 World Championships; she placed fifth all around, fourth on floor, sixth on uneven bars.

She left the competition with silver medals on beam, vault and with the team.

Afterwards, she led her team to the world title at the 1987 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, defeating the USSR in the team competition for only the second time in the history of the competition.

But in 1987, Szabo's hard work paid off.

As a member of the tremendously successful Romanian team (five gold, one silver and four bronze) at the 1987 World Championships, Szabo and her teammates dealt a crushing defeat to the Soviets, winning the gold medal in the team event.

After the 1987 Worlds Szabo retired from artistic gymnastics and she went to study at the University of Physical and Sports Education in Bucharest.

In 2000, Szabo was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

An ethnic Hungarian from Transylvania, she was named Katalin, which was later changed to Ecaterina by the Communists to try to hide her Hungarian background.

Szabo's first language is Hungarian.

Individually, she tied for bronze on beam with Svetlana Boginskaya and placed 14th all around.