David Walls (academic)

David Walls (born October 21, 1941) is an activist and academic who has made significant contributions to Appalachian studies and to the popular understanding of social movements.

He attended the University of California, Berkeley as an undergraduate from 1959 to 1964, earning a bachelor's degree in economics.

While at Berkeley, he was active in SLATE, the campus political party, and served a term on the board of directors of the Associated Students of the University of California.

After graduating from UC Berkeley, he began work in 1964 as a management intern at the Department of Health, Education and Welfare in Washington, DC, serving as an assistant to Mary E. Switzer, commissioner of the Vocational Rehabilitation Administration, and her deputy.

In 1965 he transferred to the newly established War on Poverty headquarters, the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), where he worked in the Community Action Program, assisting Jule Sugarman with the launch of Project Head Start and funding student volunteer programs.

In fall 1966 Walls joined the staff of the Appalachian Volunteers (AV), a nonprofit agency conducting community organizing projects in the central Appalachian coalfields of eastern Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and southwestern Virginia.

He moved to Harlan County, Kentucky to supervise VISTA volunteers.

A year later he became field coordinator for the AV in the state, and moved to Berea, Kentucky.

The AV's support for people opposing strip-mining for coal led to sedition charges in Pike County, Kentucky in August 1967 against an AV staff member and two workers for the Southern Conference Education Fund.

Although the sedition charges were quickly dismissed by federal judge and former Kentucky governor Bert T. Combs, the case undermined OEO support for the AV.

After Republican governor Louie B. Nunn was elected in November 1967, the AV faced an investigation by the Kentucky Un-American Activities Committee (KUAC).

Walls issued a statement challenging the constitutionality of KUAC and the legality of the hearings.

He refused an invitation to appear before the committee, but was not issued a subpoena, which he had hoped to challenge in court.

In an interview with the Louisville Courier-Journal, Walls summarized the outlook of the AV staff on the coalfield region:

"An impatience with the slowness of change and paternalistic government programs; a distrust of experts who think they can solve the problems of poor people; a disgust with the way corruption is taken for granted in the mountains; a trust in the ability of poor people to solve their own problems, given the proper tools and money; a desire to end the colonialistic exploitation of Appalachia by corporations in Pittsburgh and New York and by small cliques of men in county seats; and a belief that the wealth of the area's mineral resources ought to go toward constructing a better way of life for all the people who live here."

Political pressures to terminate funding for the AV finally took their toll, and no further OEO support was forthcoming.

When founding executive director Milton Ogle resigned in August 1968, Walls became the director for the organization's final year.

Although his initial work in Harlan County involved organizing low-income people to demand representation on the Cumberland Valley's community action agency, he soon was drawn into the growing opposition to strip-mining for coal, after a landslide from a strip-mine bench threatened a house at the head of Jones Creek, above Verda on the Clover Fork of the Cumberland River in Harlan County.

Walls began graduate work in sociology at the University of Kentucky (UK) in fall 1969, while still working part-time for the AV.

After attempting an orderly spin-off or phase-out of AV staff and programs, Walls resigned as executive director in April 1970.

In fall 1970 he began full-time studies at UK, moving to Lexington, Kentucky, to live with a group of fellow graduate students in Collective One, a politically progressive household of five men and five women.

With an offset press in the basement, Collective One printed leaflets for the local anti-Vietnam War and women's movements.

The women in the collective were among the initiators of the women's liberation movement in Lexington.

Collective members also helped organize participation in local and national demonstrations against the Vietnam War, and helped elect one of their group, Scott Wendelsdorf, to two terms as student body president.

Walls married Lucia Gattone, whom he had met in Prestonsburg, Kentucky while working for the AV, at Collective One on Thanksgiving Day, 1971.

He received an MA in sociology in 1972 with a thesis comparing dialectical sociology in Peter Berger and Western Marxism.

After two years Collective One broke up as members went their separate ways to jobs and other graduate schools.

Remaining at UK, Walls worked toward a doctorate in sociology and edited Appalachia in the Sixties with his faculty mentor John B. Stephenson.

A meeting between Walls and American studies professor Alessandro Portelli during a visit to Rome, Italy, in 1973 led to a long-term exchange program, involving graduate students and faculty, between the UK Appalachian Center and Sapienza University of Rome.

Walls's doctoral research produced several articles and chapters that contributed to the emerging field of Appalachian studies.

In fall 1974, Walls accepted a faculty position of assistant professor in the social work program at UK.

He also worked with a group of colleagues to organize the interdisciplinary Appalachian Center at UK, with a mission of promoting Appalachian studies courses, research on the region, and community service.

At the 1975 Appalachian Symposium held at Appalachian State University to honor Cratis D. Williams, Walls presented his paper "On the Naming of Appalachia", which identified the first appearances of "Appalachia" on the maps of early explorers and mapmakers.

This conference served as a catalyst for the Appalachian Studies Association.

At UK, Walls elaborated on the application of the internal colonialism model to the Appalachian region, first developed by Helen M. Lewis, and collaborated with sociologist Dwight Billings on the sociology of the southern Appalachians, the structure of the coal industry for the Ohio River Basin Energy Study, and the foundations of the university's Appalachian studies curriculum.

The Appalachian Center was formally established in 1976, with Stephenson named director, and Walls designated associate director.

His Ph.D. in sociology was awarded in 1978.

He is professor emeritus of sociology at Sonoma State University (SSU) in California, where he was dean of extended education from 1984 to 2000.

Born David Stuart Walls in Chicago, Illinois, he grew up on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and in Duluth, Minnesota.

He finished the last two years of high school in Coral Gables, Florida.