Dale Morgan

Lowell Dale Morgan (December 18, 1914 – March 30, 1971), generally cited as Dale Morgan or Dale L. Morgan, was an American historian, accomplished researcher, biographer, editor, and critic.

He specialized in material on Utah history, Mormon history, the American fur trade, and overland trails.

His work is known both for its comprehensive research and accuracy and for the fluid imagery of his prose.

Morgan was forced by post-lingual deafness as an early teen to communicate by letters throughout his professional life.

This effort created a written network for scholars interested in Western American themes.

Vast stores of correspondence indicate his willingness to help another writer or scholar, to provide information on sources and materials, or offer advice on projects.

Many emerging scholars, particularly those out of the academic mainstream, considered him a mentor.

Morgan was born in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1914 and spent his childhood and young adulthood in the city.

He was the oldest of the four children of James Lowell Morgan and Emily Holmes.

His father, James Morgan died of appendicitis when Dale Morgan was only five years old.

To raise her children, Emily Morgan returned to college to upgrade her normal certificate to a college degree and worked until her retirement as an elementary school teacher.

A promising and intelligent youth, Morgan contracted meningitis in August 1929.

The disease left him with a total loss of hearing.

Emily Morgan kept him home from school for an entire year, hoping that some hearing would return.

Deafness cut off his ability to relate to people around him.

The once popular, social, and athletic boy became socially introverted, devoting much of his time to reading and study.

Morgan recalled that he had not yet reconciled himself to his deafness by the time he returned to school.

As a result, Morgan stood in the center of a scholarly group of literary figures of the 1930s through 1960s involved in history and biography of the American West.

These individuals included Juanita Brooks, Fawn Brodie, Bernard DeVoto, Charles Kelly, J. Roderic Korns, A. Russell Mortensen, William Mulder, and Harold Schindler.

From 1933 to 1937, Morgan studied commercial art at the University of Utah, taking advantage of known talents and a personal interest in drawing and graphic layout.

However, he found his personal interests drawn to literary studies and writing.

He was a contributor to the student newspaper, the Daily Chronicle, and added to his writing experience by contributing creative work to The Pen, the student literary publication.

At college he developed a close association with other students who would be recognized for history and literature.

These included future historian Helen Zeese (later Papanikolas), and Ray Benedict West Jr. Two important relationships were formed with Daily Chronicle editor Richard Scowcroft and faculty advisor Wallace Stegner.

Both men became novelists and operated the respected writing programme at Stanford University.

In 1937, with the country still in the Depression, Morgan was unable to find a position in commercial art and occupied spare time as an occasional book reviewer for a city newspaper, the Salt Lake Tribune.

In August 1938, again helped by a tip and recommendation from a friend, Morgan capitalized on his career as a reviewer to join the Utah Historical Records Survey as a part-time editor and publicist.

Within a short time his ability to remember and associate facts brought him into a front-row position writing for the HRS. By 1940 he was transferred to the Utah Writers' Project to complete the state guidebook.

In 1951, in a letter to Marguerite Sinclair Reusser, he wrote that a minor family crisis in March 1931 led to a hysterical outburst.

During this emotional time, Morgan finally confided in his mother the difficulties and fears he had faced over the loss of his hearing.

"I began to face the future instead of wasting myself in bitter regret over a past that was beyond my reach. That was the beginning of my adjustment to the fact that my hearing was gone and would probably never return."

At this time, he began a lifelong pattern of writing, producing thousands of careful transcriptions, personal letters, and books in his field.

Morgan learned and became quite competent in lip reading, but was never comfortable with the inaccuracy and ambiguity of the method.

His friends noted that he could speak quite clearly but typically chose not to do so unless among people he knew well.

Deafness gave him no way to regulate his voice and his conversation was locked in a high-pitched monotone.

Instead he typically turned to communicating in writing, carrying on personal conversations with the use of note cards, the backs of letters, scratch paper, and other handy paper.

Archivist and historiographer Gary Topping noted that "...because Morgan’s deafness shifted his communication with the external world entirely to the written world, his world became a literary world, and the long hours of practice with the written world turned him into a virtuosos of English prose in the same way that musical practice produces virtuosity."

:118 As an adult his publication manuscripts exhibit heavy revisions and editing, while his letters flow through his manual typewriters and onto paper as seemingly seamless compositions, almost without typographic error.

The advent of the Depression, and Morgan's deafness, reduced his ability to find employment after graduation from high school.

However, an admiring English teacher found college funds for him in a vocational rehabilitation program.