Christian Kälin

Christian H. Kälin or Kaelin (born 1971) is a Swiss businessperson, author, government advisor and lawyer who is the chairman of Henley & Partners, an architect of citizenship-by-investment programs that allow wealthy individuals to obtain additional passports.

Kälin was born in 1971 in Zürich.

In his teenage years, he began collecting immigration and citizenship laws from different countries, writing to embassies to request copies of their legislation and keeping the documents in a big binder.

He told writer and journalist Atossa Araxia Abrahamian of this time in his life: "What always fascinated me was the inclusionary and exclusionary aspect of citizenship .... I wanted to understand how different countries handled this."

Kälin studied in Paris, Auckland, and Zurich.

He earned master's and PhD degrees in law from the University of Zurich.

His doctoral thesis was published under the title Ius Doni: The Acquisition of Citizenship by Investment. In the thesis, he wrote in support of citizenship by investment, arguing that it "creates social and economic development opportunities for States."

He also coined the term ius doni, referring to people who gain citizenship through investment.

Kälin trained as a banker before joining Henley & Partners as a consultant in 1994.

There, he pioneered the concept of "citizenship by investment", whereby people can acquire citizenship in return for investing in a country of which they are not a national.

Kälin makes a distinction between citizenship that can be "earned" through investment that is economically beneficial to a country, and "commodified" citizenship which can be simply bought, claiming that only the former method can be seen as legitimate.

He also considers that "citizenship is inherently unjust".

Kälin co-founded Arnova Capital in 2003.

He is also the inventor of the passport index concept.

The firm restructured St. Kitts and Nevis's citizenship-by-investment program, incorporating donations to support the country's transition to tourism and services following the closure of the sugar industry in 2005.

Following the restructuring of the St. Kitts and Nevis citizenship program, Henley & Partners began to aggressively promote the new scheme.

Henley organized large-scale conferences where it promoted its services and connected buyers of passports to sellers.

The company has advised the governments of Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, and Cyprus on how to develop their own investment migration programs, and has since that time worked for and been mandated by several other governments.

In 2006, he created the Henley Passport Index, which ranks countries according to the travel freedom their citizens get from their passport.

Kälin published the first edition of the Switzerland Business & Investment Handbook in 2006.

In 2006, the firm partnered with St. Kitts and Nevis, trailblazing sales of citizenship and passports.

In 2006, the firm restructured St. Kitts and Nevis's citizenship-by-investment program, and obtained exclusive rights to market St. Kitts & Nevis worldwide.

The company gave the country's government a $20,000 fee for every successful applicant for its passport program.

Applicants for passports could either invest $400,000 in real state on the islands or donate $250,000 to the Sugar Industry Diversification Foundation (SIDF), a bank-owned investment vehicle set up in 2006 to invest on behalf of the St. Kitts and Nevis population.

The St. Kitts and Nevis government outsourced its escrow services and application processing to Henley, as well as paid the company to promote the country's program internationally.

The country gave the company "a wide range of powers and discretion."

Henley was paid a 10% commission ($25,000) for every donation to the SIDF.

In 2012, Reuters wrote that Henley & Partners is “at the center of the citizenship by investment movement”.

The contract between Henley and Partners and St. Kitts and Nevis ended in 2013.

The same year, the company set up a similar program in neighboring country Antigua and Barbuda.

The firm reportedly earned $250 million from its contract with St. Kitts and Nevis.

The company also earned professional fees that it charged clients applying for citizenship; the fee for each file could exceed $100,000.

According to London School of Economics Professor Kristin Surak, the precise dynamics between Henley and St. Kitts and Nevis are murky, as "there are virtually no accessible records of the negotiations, and those involved in the development of the program offer few details when asked."

According to 2022 reporting by the OCCRP, there is evidence that Henley CEO Christian Kälin helped to finance the successful 2010 re-election campaign of Denzil Douglas, the St. Kitts and Nevis prime minister.

At the same time, Henley entered into at least three agreements with the SCL Group or its affiliated companies to help each other in the Caribbean region.

Henley has denied financing the Douglas campaign.

In collaboration with Dimitry Kochenov, Kälin authors The Quality of Nationality Index (QNI), an annual report published since 2015.

Kalin has also founded a Swiss health-advisory firm called SIP Medical Family Office.

He is a member of the governing board of the Investment Migration Council, and founder and chairman of the Switzerland-based Andan Foundation.

However, Douglas stated in an unpublished 2018 interview that Henley did fund his campaign and that the SCL Group was hired to manage the campaign.