Charles Moore (architect)

Charles Willard Moore (October 31, 1925 – December 16, 1993) was an American architect, educator, writer, Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and winner of the AIA Gold Medal in 1991.

He is often labeled as the father of postmodernism.

His work as an educator was important to a generation of American architects who read his books or studied with him at one of the several universities where he taught.

Moore graduated from the University of Michigan in 1947, where he was one of the top students in his class.

After graduating, he worked for several years as an architect, served in the Army, and studied with Professor Jean Labatut at Princeton University, where he earned a master's degree and a PhD (1957).

He remained for an additional year as a post-doctoral fellow, and as a teaching assistant to the architect Louis Kahn, who was teaching a design studio.

While at Princeton, he met and befriended the architect Robert Venturi.

While at Princeton, Moore developed relationships with fellow students Donlyn Lyndon, William Turnbull Jr.., Richard Peters, and Hugh Hardy.

All remained lifelong friends and adherents to a view of architecture as a joyful, humanistic, pursuit that promised to make people happier and healthier.

During his Princeton years, Moore designed and built a house for his mother in Pebble Beach, California, and worked during the summers for architect Wallace Holm of neighboring Monterey.

Moore's Master's thesis explored ways to preserve and integrate Monterey's historic adobe dwellings into the fabric of the city.

His Doctoral dissertation, "Water and Architecture", was a study of the importance of water in shaping the experience of place.

The dissertation is significant for being one of the first pieces of architectural scholarship to draw from the work of Gaston Bachelard.

Moore used some of the material in his later book, The Poetics of Gardens.

In 1959, Moore left Princeton to take a teaching position at the University of California, Berkeley.

There he teamed with Donlyn Lyndon, William Turnbull Jr.. and Richard Whittaker to form a new and influential firm: MLTW.

They were among the first American architects to favor contextual designs—fitting well with the urban fabric of San Francisco—over harsh Modernist buildings that were alien to the texture of the city.

When hired to design an innovative, environmentally sensitive condominium complex on the north coast, they applied some of their sensitivity to "place" to the project.

Sea Ranch became one of the most admired, influential, and beloved works of the late twentieth century.

Moore rose to become chairman and professor of architecture at Berkeley in five years.

His work was featured in the seminal "Forty Under Forty" exhibition at New York's Architectural League that established the "Whites and the Grays" as competing camps of avant garde designers.

When Paul Rudolph resigned as Dean of the Yale School of Architecture, a nationwide search finally settled on Moore as his successor in 1965.

As Stern observed in his history of the school, Moore was an energetic though often controversial leader who managed to steer the program through some of its most tumultuous, but also creative years.

With Kent Bloomer, Moore founded the Yale Building Project in 1967 as a way both to demonstrate social responsibility and demystify the construction process for first-year students.

He also pushed Yale president Kingman Brewster to hold a competition for a new mathematics building on the historic campus.

The results of the contest were divisive, since Moore was seen as a champion of the winning architect, Robert Venturi.

Many of Moore's students became leading architects of the next generation, including Mark Simon, Buzz Yudell, Gerald Allen, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Andrés Duany, David Sellers, and Turner Brooks.

An innovator in practice who often held design "charettes" to gain insights from clients, Moore also pioneered multi-partner, "suitcase" firms with his former students: Centerbrook Architects (Connecticut), Moore Ruble Yudell (Los Angeles) and Moore/Anderssen (Austin, Texas).

The constant changes resulted, in part, from Moore's extensive worldwide travel and his moves to California and then to Austin, Texas.

While at Yale Moore wrote a useful residential design book: The Place of Houses.

Clients and designers loved its easy going style and beautiful drawings, but especially its commitment to "placemaking."

With Donlyn Lyndon, Moore also founded the journal Places in Berkeley to expound ideas about the genius loci.

He continued to write essays and books for the remainder of his career, including the influential "You Have To Pay for the Public Life," in Perspecta, one of the first predictors of suburban sprawl and the rise of the theme park in America.

Curated by Robert A.M. Stern, the show eventually became a book in 1969.

He served in that capacity for five years, leaving in 1970.

In 1975, Moore moved to the University of California, Los Angeles where he continued teaching.

Finally, in 1985, he became the O'Neil Ford Centennial Professor of Architecture at the University of Texas at Austin.

He died at home of a heart attack on December 16, 1993.

One of his last books, Body, Memory and Architecture, not only introduced new psychological and anthropological ideas into design theory, it also anticipated today's revolution in neuroscience, and the theory of "embodied cognition."

Moore preferred bold, colorful design elements, including striking color combinations, supergraphics, stylistic eclecticism, and the use of non-traditional materials such as plastic, (aluminized) PET film, platinum tiles, and neon signs.