Bettina Aptheker

Bettina Fay Aptheker (born September 2, 1944) is an American political activist, radical feminist, professor and author.

One of the CPUSA's leading intellectuals, he and a majority of its leaders had defended the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956.

Aptheker was active in civil rights and anti-war movements of the 1960s and 1970s, and has since worked in developing feminist studies.

Aptheker was born in Fort Bragg, North Carolina, to a Jewish family, Fay Philippa Aptheker and Herbert Aptheker, first cousins who had married in Brooklyn.

Both parents were political activists; her mother, who had been married before and was ten years older than her husband, was a union organizer.

Her father was a Marxist historian, whose first book about slave revolts overturned previous conceptions of enslaved African Americans.

He was a major figure in changing the writing of African American history.

Bettina was raised in Brooklyn, New York, where her Jewish parents, children of immigrants, had grown up.

Her first job as a teenager was in the home of W.E.B. Du Bois, who was a good friend of her father.

Aptheker obtained her undergraduate degree from the University of California, Berkeley.

As an activist in the W.E.B. Du Bois Club of the Communist Party USA, she was a leader in the Berkeley Free Speech Movement during the fall of 1964.

Ten years later, she partially retired from political activism and returned to academia for graduate work.

Aptheker was a delegate to the June 1964 founding convention of the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs, a Communist Party-sponsored youth organization, held in San Francisco.

She rose in influence to become a member of the governing National Committee of the CPUSA.

In 1965 Aptheker married her fellow student Jack Kurzweil, who was also a Communist activist.

In 1968, the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia divided the 120-member leadership of the CPUSA.

All but three of the National Committee, headed by party leader Gus Hall, backed the intervention of Soviet tanks.

A meeting of the National Committee held over the Labor Day weekend backed Hall by a margin of five-to-one.

Bettina Aptheker denounced the invasion, however, and voted with the minority; she opposed her father Herbert Aptheker over this issue.

During the 1970s, Aptheker worked for the defense in the high-profile trial of Angela Davis, a long-time friend and fellow Communist Party member accused of involvement in George Jackson's attempt to escape from jail.

She also wrote a book about the trial, which was published in 1974.

In 1976, she completed her master's degree in communications at San José State University, and started teaching there.

In 1977, she became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).

WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization.

The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.

After completing her master's degree, Aptheker taught African-American and Women's Studies at San José State University.

They divorced in 1978 after having two children together.

Since October 1979, Aptheker has been with Kate Miller, her life partner.

They have three children between them, as each woman had children in her first marriage.

In the early 1980s, she completed a doctorate in the History of Consciousness program at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Since 1980, she has taught in the Feminist Studies department there.

She was remembered by the California party leader Dorothy Healey in her 1990 memoir as "one of the liveliest of the young people who rose to prominence in the party in the 1960s, and also one of the warmest human beings I've ever met."

Memories began to arise in 1999, after her mother's death and when she began writing the memoir.

When her father asked, "Did I ever hurt you as a child?," she responded "yes" and explained the emotional effects of his treatment.

In her memoir, Intimate Politics, (2006), she wrote about growing up in a leftist household, as what was called a "Red Diaper Baby."

She was strongly influenced in her activism by that of her parents.

She also commented on her father's scholarship.

In addition to his commitment to the cause of justice for African Americans, she believed her father celebrated black resistance under slavery as an attempt "to compensate for his deep shame about the way, he believed, the Jews had acted during the Holocaust."

Her memoir reported that her father had sexually molested her from when she was 3 to age 13.

In an opinion column written after her book was reviewed, Aptheker said she had earlier kept silent to shield her family.