Benjamin Harshav

Benjamin Harshav (Hebrew: בנימין הרשב), born Hrushovski (Hebrew: הרושובסקי); June 26, 1928 – April 23, 2015 was a literary theorist specialising in comparative literature, a Yiddish and Hebrew poet (under pen names including H. Benjamin (Hebrew: '''ה.

בנימין) and Gabi Daniel (Hebrew: גבי דניאל''')), and an Israeli translator and editor.

He served as professor of literature at the University of Tel Aviv and as a professor of comparative literature, Hebrew language and literature, and Slavic languages and literature at Yale University.

He was the founding editor of the Duke University Press publication Poetics Today.

Benjamin Harshav was born as Benjamin Hrushovski (Hruszowski) in 1928, in Vilnius, capital of today's Lithuania (then Polish city Vilno.) His parents were both educators: Dr Abraham Hrushovski (Hebrew surname Agasi, Hebrew: אגסי), his father, was a history teacher who taught in various gymnasiums In Vilnius and later in Haifa (died in 1973); Dvora Freidkes-Hrushovski (1896-1985), his mother, was a mathematics teacher and school headmistress in Vilnius.

He had a younger sister, Eta Hrushovski (Hebrew: אטה הרושובסקי), born 1934, who died in 1968 during a trip in Turkey.

Harshav studied in a secular Yiddish school and Yiddish gymnasium.

In September 1939, under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Vilnius was captured by the Red Army, then handed over to Lithuania; but again taken and annexed to the Soviet Union in August 1940.

In 1941, as Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, his family fled Eastward to the Ural Mountains.

He finished his senior exams in a Russian school in 1945, and in 1945–46 studied mathematics and physics at Orenburg, where he won the first prize for first-year students.

Abraham Hrushovski was appointed director of an institution for Polish war orphans living in the Soviet Union, and in May 1946 the family was able to return to Poland in a special train along with the orphans.

Benjamin joined the Zionist youth movement Dror, and studied in the Dror Seminar first in Lodz, then, after illegally crossing the border to Czechoslovakia and then to Germany, in Munich and in the DP camp Indersdorf In Munich, in 1947–48, Harshav co-edited the Dror's publication "להבות".

Harshav enlisted in the Palmach and fought in the 1947–1949 Palestine war, the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as part of the fifth battalion until 1949.

His life in these years, in the shadow of the Holocaust, is reflected in his Yiddish poetry book, "שטויבן (Dusts)", published in Munich in 1948.

In May 1948, Harshav immigrated to the nascent state of Israel through the illegal Aliyah Bet.

His parents and sister, attempting earlier to arrive on another ship, were detained in a British camp in Cyprus and arrived later.

From 1948 to 1986, Harshav lived in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

From 1949 to 1957, he studied for degrees in Hebrew literature, Biblical Studies, Jewish History, and Yiddish literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

In 1951 he was amongst the founders of The group of Yiddish poets "יונג ישראל".

Meanwhile, he also founded and edited the literary journal "Likrat" (Hebrew: לקראת) with Aryeh Sivan, Moshe Dor, and Natan Zach.

Harshav taught Hebrew literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1954–57 and 1960-63.

From 1957 to 1960 he studied comparative literature at Yale University with René Wellek.

From 1963-66 he served as a lecturer of comparative literature and Russian literature.

In 1965, he became the founding head of the Department of Poetics and Comparative Literature at the University of Tel Aviv.

In 1968, he founded Hasifrut, a scientific Hebrew literature magazine published by the University of Tel Aviv.

From 1971 to 1973, Harshav went on sabbatical to Berkeley, California, where he was a guest professor of comparative literature and Slavic literature at UCB.

In the summer of 1972, Harshav was a professor of literary theory at the University of Indiana in Bloomington.

In 1974, he founded the series Literature, Meaning, Culture (Hebrew: ספרות, משמעות, תרבות) and served as editor-in-chief until 1986.

In 1975, Harshav founded the Israeli Institute for Poetics and Semiotics at the University of Tel Aviv, today known as the Porter Institute of Poetics and Semiotics.

In 1976–77, Harshav was a fellow at the centre of advanced degrees in Hebrew literature at Oxford University.

He took up the same position in 1977, and in the autumn of 1978.

In the autumn of 1980 he was a guest professor of classical and modern Hebrew and Jewish literature at Harvard University.

In 1982, he was appointed to the Porter Chair of literary theory and poetics at the University of Tel Aviv.

In the summer of 1983, Harshav was a professor of poetics and structuralism in a summer program hosted by Indiana University, as well as a professor of Yiddish linguistics at the University of Columbia.

From 1983 to 1985, he was a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin.

In the summer of 1985, he was a guest professor of comparative literature at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.

In the winter of 1986, he was a guest professor of Middle Eastern studies at the University of Colombia.

He stood at the head of the institute until 1987.

He founded and edited the international publication of the Porter Institute, Poetics and Theory of Literature. After the publication was shut down, he founded Poetics Today, a quarterly journal published by Duke University Press.

He received the EMET Prize for Art, Science and Culture in 2005 and was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.