Ann T. Bowling

Ann Trommershausen Bowling (June 1, 1943 – December 8, 2000) was an American scientist who was one of the world's leading geneticists in the study of horses, conducting research in the areas of molecular genetics and cytogenetics.

Ann Bowling (née Trommershausen) was born June 1, 1943, in Portland, Oregon, to Claire Bowen and William Ernest Trommershausen, who worked for the Bonneville Power Administration.

After the Trommershausens moved to Boulder, Colorado, Ann attended Boulder High School and was class valedictorian.

She obtained her undergraduate degree at Carleton College in Minnesota, graduating magna cum laude.

She joined the faculty of Occidental College in Los Angeles in 1968, then was hired by UC Davis in 1973, and at the time of her death in 2000 was an adjunct professor and executive associate director of the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory (VGL) at UC Davis.

She earned her PhD in 1969 at the University of California, Davis, completing her thesis on the genetics of plants under the supervision of G. Ledyard Stebbins.

Beginning in 1976, she published research on animal blood types, and developed tests using blood type to establish parentage.

She advocated for adopting blood typing for parentage verification of registered animals.

Numerous breed registries did so.

In the course of this research, she also studied the phenomenon of chimerism, which sometimes created inconsistent results in parentage testing.

She was a major figure in the development of testing to determine animal parentage, first with blood typing in the 1980s and then DNA testing in the 1990s.

She later became known for her studies of hereditary diseases in horses and equine coat color genetics, as well as research on horse evolution and the development of horse breeds.

She studied the population genetics of feral horses, did considerable work to help preserve the Przewalski's horse, and was one of the founding members of the international project to map the horse genome.

Both members of the couple shared a strong interest in genetics; prior to their marriage, Ann used Michael's stud book research in her own 1980 study of genetic diseases.

Michael Bowling wrote a number of articles on Arabian horse genetics for general-interest publications, and the pair collaborated on a study of mtDNA in Arabian bloodlines.

Their daughter Lydia attended veterinary school and UC Davis and became a veterinarian.

Bowling developed some of the first blood typing and DNA parentage tests for horses, and became a genetics consultant to several horse breed registries, including The Jockey Club, Arabian Horse Association (originally Arabian Horse Registry of America), American Quarter Horse Association, and the American Morgan Horse Association.

She married Michael Bowling in 1981.

In 1985, she created a breeding herd at UCD of horses known to carry CA, and this small group provided preliminary DNA data for researchers.

Bowling's own studies of CA were unpublished at the time of her death, but she is credited with demonstrating that the condition had a recessive mode of genetic inheritance and was likely the result of a single mutated allele.

By the late 1990s, as the science of parentage testing evolved, she researched the effectiveness of DNA typing and concluded that it was as effective as blood typing for verifying parentage.

Her lab pioneered the DNA-based parentage verification of horses and camelids —species for which Bowling herself had conducted research—using microsatellites as biomarkers.

This testing program also expanded to include eight other types of mammals.

Bowling applied her work on identifying parentage to help preserve the genetic diversity of the Przewalski's horse.

Among other work, she reconstructed the herd book of the captive Askania Nova herd in Ukraine using parentage testing data.

She studied the genetics of Mustangs in the Great Basin and located genetic markers linking them to other domesticated horse breeds.

She also performed research on the blood types of the Paso Fino breed.

Some of the more unusual work the VGL performed was a 1996 investigation by Scotland Yard, which sought help from the lab to identify the source of a blood sample associated with a murder.

The lab identified the sample as being from a dog that was at the crime scene, and this information helped crack the case by leading investigators to a suspect who was the owner of the dog.

Bowling was the director of the laboratory at the time, and as a result of this work, expanded the lab's scope so it could continue to help identify animals present at crime scenes and those animals which themselves were victims of crimes such as theft or animal abuse.

From this beginning, the VGL also later helped create a national canine database used to prosecute cases of dogfighting.

Bowling also published articles on parentage in mules, including a case where she proved the rare occurrence of a fertile mule mare by parentage testing.

From very early in her career, Bowling wrote about educating horse breeders on genetic diseases in purebred animals and how to deal with these conditions.

She performed a number of studies on the Arabian horse breed, including research into one of the genetic diseases that affects Arabians, cerebellar abiotrophy (CA).

In 1996, her research found that the origin of this genetically dominant disorder traced to a single stallion, later identified publicly as Impressive.

She was an adjunct professor at the University of California, Davis (UCD), and at the time of her death in 2000 was the executive associate director of the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory (VGL) there.

Her unexpected death on December 8, 2000, at age 57 was attributed to a massive stroke.

A DNA marker test for the condition was developed by her successors at UCD, which became available to the public in 2008.

In 2011, the causative mutation for cerebellar abiotrophy was identified, and the condition was conclusively established as an autosomal recessive.

Bowling also studied genetic conditions in other horse breeds, including hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) in the American Quarter Horse.