Andrus Ansip

Andrus Ansip (born 1 October 1956) is an Estonian politician, a member of the European Parliament, the former European Commissioner for Digital Single Market and Vice President of the European Commission, in office from 2014 until 2019.

Born in Tartu, Ansip graduated from the University of Tartu with a degree in Chemistry in 1979.

He worked as an engineer at the university from 1979 to 1983 (with a two-year break for mandatory military service).

He was an instructor in the Industry Department and Head of the Organisational Department of the Tartu District Committee of the Soviet Union Communist Party Estonian branch Estonian Communist Party from 1986 to 1988.

Ansip has been involved in several banking and investment ventures.

He has served as a Member of the Board of Directors of the People's Bank of Tartu (Rahvapank), Chairman of the Board of Livonia Privatisation IF, and CEO of Investment Fund Broker Ltd (Fondiinvesteeringu Maakler AS).

He also has served as Chairman of the board for Radio Tartu.

From 1989 to 1993 Andrus Ansip also managed a Tartu branch of AS Estkompexim.

In 1998, Ansip was elected as Mayor of Tartu as a candidate of the centrist-right Reformierakond (Reform Party), a position which he held until 2004, to great popular acclaim and very high ratings in the opinion polls.

He had run in previous elections for the Riigikogu, the Estonian Parliament, but had always given up his seat in order to remain Mayor.

He was succeeded by fellow Reform Party member Laine Jänes.

He entered Parliament in 2004, quickly becoming Minister of Economic Affairs, and subsequently prime minister in April 2005.

On 21 November 2004, Ansip became Chairman of Estonian Reform Party because the party's founder and hitherto chairman, former prime minister Siim Kallas, had become EU Commissioner and vice president and thus had to move to Brussels.

It was obvious that Ansip would have to move to Tallinn, and a chance opened up when the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the coalition government of Juhan Parts, Meelis Atonen, a party colleague, had to resign.

Ansip became his successor on 13 September.

His track record as Minister is more difficult to evaluate because of the short duration of his service.

Previously, he was Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014 and chairman of the liberal Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) from 2004 to 2014.

Before his entry into politics Ansip trained as a chemist, before working in banking and business.

On 31 March 2005, Ansip was charged by President Arnold Rüütel to form a government, following 24 March 2005 resignation by Prime Minister Juhan Parts.

Ansip was able to form a coalition with the Centre Party and the People's Union of Estonia, which was approved by the Riigikogu on 12 April 2005.

Ansip thus became Prime Minister of Estonia.

He was backed by 53 out of 101 members of the Riigikogu, 40 deputies voting against.

He and the ministers were inaugurated in office the next day, on 13 April.

On 4 March 2007, Ansip's Reform Party won 27 percent of the vote in the Estonian parliamentary elections, raising its mandate in the Riigikogu to 31 seats from 19.

Ansip personally received over 22,500 votes.

He was charged by President Toomas Hendrik Ilves to form a government.

This time the Reform Party formed a coalition with the Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (IRL) and the Social Democratic Party.

His second term as prime minister began on 5 April 2007.

In May 2009, the Social Democrats left the government, and as coalition talks with the People's Union of Estonia failed, it was decided to continue with a minority government of the Reform Party and IRL.

In March 2011, the Reform Party won 33 seats in the Riigikogu, remaining the largest party even after the country's economic output had fallen by 14 percent in 2009 due to the global financial crisis and the collapse of a real estate price bubble fueled by cheap and easy credit from Nordic banks.

Ansip was once again charged by President Toomas Hendrik Ilves to form a government.

The Reform Party continued in a coalition with the Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica.

Ansip's third term as prime minister began on 6 April 2011, when Riigikogu approved his third cabinet.

But Ansip's center-right coalition soon struggled in polls amid signs of voter fatigue at years of a government focused on fiscal austerity as well as several high-profile party funding scandals.

The center-left opposition also gained popularity.

From 4 December 2013 to 26 March 2014 he was the longest-serving prime minister in the European Union.

On 1 November 2014, he was appointed to the European Commission.

On 4 March 2014, Ansip announced his resignation to enable a successor to lead his party into 2015 elections.

In the 2014 European elections, Ansip was elected as an MEP received the largest number of preferential votes in Estonia.

Shortly after, Prime Minister Taavi Rõivas nominated him as the country's next European Commissioner.