Alireza Firouzja

He has an older brother, Mohammadreza, born in 1998, who also plays competitive chess.

Alireza Firouzja (, ; born 18 June 2003) is an Iranian and French chess grandmaster.

Firouzja is the youngest player to have surpassed a FIDE rating of 2800, beating the previous record set by Magnus Carlsen by more than five months.

A chess prodigy, Firouzja won the Iranian Chess Championship at age 12 and earned the Grandmaster title at 14.

At 16, Firouzja became the second youngest 2700-rated player and won a silver medal at the 2019 World Rapid Chess Championship.

In November 2021, at 18, he won the FIDE Grand Swiss tournament and an individual gold medal at the European Team Chess Championship.

He won a bronze medal at the 2021 World Blitz Chess Championship.

In 2022, Firouzja won the Grand Chess Tour.

Firouzja was born on 18 June 2003 in Babol, Iran.

He started playing chess at the age of eight.

Firouzja won the gold medal in the U12 section at the Asian Youth Chess Championships held in 2015 in Suwon.

In adult tournaments, one of Firouzja's earliest successes was in the 10th Nana Aleksandria Cup in 2015, held in Georgia.

In a strong field with 15 grandmasters, Firouzja finished with 5/9, including a victory against grandmaster Vugar Rasulov and four draws against four other grandmasters.

He had further successes in the Iranian chess championship semi-final, an unbeaten 7/9 (+5-0=4), which served as a qualifier to the main championship held the following year.

He then took part in the strongest open tournament held that year, the Qatar Masters 2015, in which he scored 4½/9, including victories against grandmasters Pavel Tregubov and Neelotpal Das.

At the age of twelve, he won the 2016 Iranian Chess Championship, scoring 8/11 points (+5−0=6), a full point ahead of his nearest competitors, and became the youngest ever to win the title.

These results in the Iranian championship semi-finals, the Qatar Masters and the Iranian championship increased Firouzja's rating to 2475 at age 12 years and 7 months.

Later that year, he played in the Asian Nations Cup for Iran in which he scored 5½/7 on board 4 and a notable draw against grandmaster Wei Yi, who was at that time the youngest supergrandmaster in the world.

Firouzja then experienced some negative results.

In August 2016, the Iranian chess federation scheduled a match between 13-year–old Firouzja (2485 FIDE) and then 16-year-old Parham Maghsoodloo (2510 FIDE).

Firouzja lost all three games.

Firouzja played in the Stars Cup 2016, an initiative by the Iranian chess federation which pitted the nation's established top players and its new wave of rising stars against some of the strongest grandmasters in the world.

Featuring such notable players as Nigel Short, Evgenij Miroshnichenko, Gabriel Sargissian, Aleksey Dreev, Romain Édouard, Ivan Sokolov, Lu Shanglei, and Jaan Ehlvest, it was Firouzja's first major test against such calibre of opposition and he scored 2/10, though he did score a victory over Miroshnichenko.

Firouzja also played in his first Olympiad for Iran on the fourth board and finished with 4½/8.

Also in 2016, he was awarded the title International Master (IM) by FIDE.

In February 2017, Firouzja finished tied for 3rd place (6/9) in the Khazar cup, behind the winner, Ferenc Berkes.

In April 2017, Firouzja had his best performance to date when he scored 6/9 in the Aeroflot Open 2017, a tournament of about 80 grandmasters, including several players in the top 100.

There, he scored victories over German grandmasters Alexander Donchenko, Matthias Blübaum and Falko Bindrich and also beat grandmasters Emilio Córdova and Maxim Vavulin.

This result secured Firouzja a grandmaster norm and a of 2746, his highest rating performance until then.

In June 2017, he had a 7/9 performance at the Asian Junior U20 Championship.

This result took him over the 2500 rating threshold for the first time.

Later that year, the 2nd Stars cup tournament took place in Iran, again with an impressive list of foreign grandmasters: Baadur Jobava, Loek van Wely, Alexei Shirov, Lázaro Bruzón Batista, Eltaj Safarli and Ivan Sokolov.

Firouzja scored 3½/6 (+2-1=3), beating Jobava and Van Wely.

His victory over Jobava was particularly notable as it was 13-year–old Firouzja's first victory over a supergrandmaster (Jobava was rated 2714 at the time).

Firouzja left the Iranian Chess Federation in 2019 because of the country's longstanding policy against competing with Israeli players.

Subsequently, the FIDE General Assembly passed a resolution instructing national federations to respect the principles of the Olympic movement and the FIDE Charter and to desist from any such boycotts.

Firouzja played under the FIDE flag until mid-2021, when he became a French citizen and began representing France, where he had already been living.

After Firouzja revoked his Iranian citizenship, the matter sparked debates in Iran as to why he would switch federations, with officials contesting that Firouzja knew about the policy of not playing against Israelis before he accepted funding and financial support from the Iranian Chess Federation and he left because he already had French citizenship.

Iranian officials also stated that Firouzja could have switched federations before the Iranian Chess Federation hired Ivan Sokolov to coach him but the French federation does not invest that much in chess which is why Firouzja stayed and took advantage of Iran's funding of chess.

Firouzja was also offered billions of tomans (equal to millions of dollars) not to switch federations.