Allan Blakeney

Allan Emrys Blakeney (September 7, 1925 – April 16, 2011) was the tenth premier of Saskatchewan from 1971 to 1982, and leader of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party (NDP).

Born in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, Blakeney took his law degree at Dalhousie Law School, winning the gold medal.

He was a Rhodes Scholar at Queen's College, Oxford, where he played for the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club.

He earned a bachelor's degree, second class, in politics and economics.

The party was cut down to only nine seats, its smallest presence in the legislature since its first election in 1934 (as the Saskatchewan CCF).

On returning to Canada, he passed the Nova Scotia bar exam in 1950.

He then took a job with the Saskatchewan civil service, eventually becoming a senior civil servant in Saskatchewan, before he entered politics in 1960 and represented part of Regina.

Blakeney served as a cabinet minister in the governments of Tommy Douglas and Woodrow S. Lloyd until the government was defeated in 1964.

As minister of health, he played a crucial role in the introduction of Medicare.

In 1969, Blakeney was elected national president of the New Democratic Party of Canada, and succeeded James Renwick.

Historically, his election as leader has been interpreted as a victory of the provincial NDP's "establishment" over the left-wing Waffle faction, because Lloyd was trying to move the party more to the left and supported the Waffle Manifesto at the October 1969 federal NDP convention in Winnipeg.

In 1970, Blakeney succeeded Lloyd as leader of the Saskatchewan NDP, which was then in opposition.

As well, Lloyd backed the Waffle's right to debate issues after the convention, which disturbed many of his MLAs, who eventually forced him to resign in March 1970.

The private oil industry had essentially abandoned Saskatchewan after the NDP's policy of imposing extremely-high royalty rates in the early 1970s.

Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's policies to centralize control in Ottawa outraged Blakeney, and he moved closer to Alberta's position of open hostility.

Blakeney joined Alberta Progressive Conservative Premier Peter Lougheed in a fight for provincial rights over minerals, oil, and gas.

In the 1971 provincial election, Blakeney led the party to power and defeated Ross Thatcher's Liberal government.

Blakeney's government practiced state-led economic intervention in the economy.

The farmers were a high priority, as globalization began transforming agriculture and weakened the traditional family farm through consolidation,

mechanization, and corporatization.

The NDP promised a "revitalized rural Saskatchewan," and Blakeney introduced programs to stabilize crop prices, retain transportation links, and modernize rural life.

Looking back, he lamented the gradual conversion of Saskatchewan's family farms into larger agricultural ventures: without resorting to the "very high costs" and "billions of dollars" that preserved family farming in Europe and the United States, "[w]e were, it seems, King Canute trying to hold back the tide."

His government created a crown corporation in the potash industry in an attempt to further diversify the province's agrarian economy and threatened the expropriation of private potash mines in the province.

Blakeney pointed out that the sums paid for the mines were slightly in excess of their appraised "book" value.

However, the mere threat of expropriation created a political firestorm that involved even the US government.

Blakeney also created a state-owned oil and gas corporation, SaskOil, to handle oil exploration and production.

Blakeney played an important role in the federal-provincial negotiations that led to the 1982 patriation of the Canadian constitution.

Blakeney's government was defeated in the 1982 provincial election, its attempt to win a fourth successive term, being defeated by the Progressive Conservative Party, led by Grant Devine.

The NDP lost 35 of its 44 seats, then the third-worst defeat of a sitting government in the province's history.

Once in opposition, Blakeney continued to lead the party up to the 1986 provincial election.

The NDP not only regained much of what it had lost in its severe beating of four years earlier, but also gained more votes overall than Devine's Progressive Conservatives.

However, much of that margin was wasted on landslide margins in Regina and Saskatoon, which left the NDP eight seats short of regaining power.

Blakeney resigned in 1987 and was succeeded by Roy Romanow.

He would represent a Regina-based riding without interruption until his retirement in 1988.

As a private citizen, Blakeney served as a consultant to the Romanow government in the 1990s, when it sold the SaskOil to Occidental Petroleum.

Blakeney then served on the board of directors of the successor corporation.

On April 30, 1992, he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada for his work as Premier of Saskatchewan, his enormous contribution to the field of public administration, and a key player in introducing the first comprehensive public medical health care plan in Canada.

In 2000, he was awarded the Saskatchewan Order of Merit.

In 2001, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

Blakeney was also a past president of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.