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Adriaan Kortlandt was born on 25 January, 1918 in Rotterdam, is a Dutch ethologist (1918–2009). Discover Adriaan Kortlandt's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Learn How rich is he in this year and how he spends money? Also learn how he earned most of networth at the age of 91 years old?

Popular As N/A
Occupation N/A
Age 91 years old
Zodiac Sign Aquarius
Born 25 January, 1918
Birthday 25 January
Birthplace Rotterdam
Date of death 18 October, 2009
Died Place Amsterdam
Nationality

We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 25 January. He is a member of famous with the age 91 years old group.

Adriaan Kortlandt Height, Weight & Measurements

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Adriaan Kortlandt Net Worth

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Net Worth in 2024 $1 Million - $5 Million
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Timeline

1918

Prof. Dr. Adriaan Kortlandt (January 25, 1918, Rotterdam – October 18, 2009, Amsterdam) was a Dutch ethologist.

Adriaan Kortlandt was born on January 25, 1918, in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

From a young age he was fascinated by animal behaviors, spending time observing cormorants near his home.

"as a teenager in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, Adriaan Kortlandt would often get on his bicycle after school and pedal out to a nature park in the suburb of Lekkerkerk. He spent long hours alone there, watching and photographing a colony of cormorants, a pelican-like bird, as they built their nests and dove into the water to catch fish."

Kortlandt studied biology at the University of Utrecht, carrying out his PhD research at the University of Amsterdam on cormorant behaviors.

1940

In 1940, both Kortlandt and Tinbergen independently identified the behavioural phenomenon that is now called displacement activity (Dutch: overspronggedrag)and the hierarchy of instincts.

"if in a cormorant or an avocet a fighting impulse is thwarted for one reason or another, the bird will perform sexual and nesting behaviour. Further, if a sexual impulse is thwarted, the bird will peck its mate or make nesting movements. A nesting impulse when thwarted may give rise to sexual or fighting activities. ("Vice-versa principle".) Apparently there exists some nervous mechanism or centre uniting or connecting these three activities and this mechanism or centre."

1949

After obtaining his doctorate in 1949, he researched avian instincts using field observation.

Kortlandt studied the instinctive behaviors of cormorants from a young age.

His detailed observations pioneered new methods for studying animal behavior patterns in birds.

His work provided insights into the rigid nature of instinctive behaviors in cormorants and their importance for species survival.

However, when Kortlandt suggested his findings could inform human psychology and medicine, it brought him into conflict with contemporaries like Niko Tinbergen.

They believed animal behaviors should be studied as biological phenomena in their own right, not crudely anthropomorphized.

This disagreement led Kortlandt to shift his focus to studying primate behaviors.

1960

He has been described together with Vernon Reynolds and Jane Goodall as "...one of a trio of pioneers ... who founded field studies of chimpanzees in the 1960s."

1965

In 1965, Adriaan Kortlandt conducted experiments with chimpanzees to understand the defense mechanisms of early humans against predators.

He introduced a stuffed leopard electronic moving head to a group of chimpanzees.

The chimpanzees responded by attacking the leopard using sticks and amplified their assault with loud screams and hoots.

These observations, combined with the behavior of wild chimpanzees, indicated to him that early humans might have used objects like sticks and rocks for defense and attacked predators collectively.

1980

In 1980, Kortlandt carried out experiments on the defense strategies of early small-posture hominids in collaboration with George Adamson.

He tested ideas that thorn weapons might have deterred predators from early humans by putting meat under thorn branches and observing lion reactions.

"The most striking phenomenon was their obvious fear of hurting the pads of their paws on the spines. They could easily have swept away the thorn branches, or lifted them up, with just one gentle movement of a paw, but they were much too afraid to do so."

Kortlandt also built a robotic model early human ancestor with movable thorns for arms.

When experimentally placed near wild lions, they were frightened away by its jerky motions and whipping thorns.

Kortlandt concluded even simple thorn branches could have helped early humans intimidate predators on the dangerous African savannahs.

He also was the author of the "Rift Valley theory", better known under the name given by French paleoanthropologist Yves Coppens: "East Side Story".

1992

WITH CHIMPANZEES IN THE WILD (1992) University of Amsterdam (Audiovisual Centre)