Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri

Abd al-Rahim Hussein Muhammed Abdu al-Nashiri (عبد الرحيم حسين محمد عبده النشري; born January 5, 1965) is a Saudi Arabian citizen alleged to be the mastermind of the bombing of USS Cole and other maritime attacks.

Born in Saudi Arabia, al-Nashiri travelled to Afghanistan in the early 1990s to participate in attacks against the Russians in the region, at a time when the United States supported the mujahideen in such actions.

In 1996, he travelled to Tajikistan and then Jalalabad, Afghanistan, where he first met Osama bin Laden.

Bin Laden attempted to convince al-Nashiri to join al-Qaeda at this point, but he refused because he found the idea of swearing a loyalty oath to bin Laden to be distasteful.

After al-Nashiri travelled to Yemen, he is alleged to have begun to consider committing terrorist actions against United States interests.

When he returned to Afghanistan in 1997, he again met bin Laden, but again declined to join in the terrorist group.

Instead, he fought with the Taliban against the Afghan Northern Alliance.

Still, he assisted in the smuggling of four anti-tank missiles into Saudi Arabia, and helped arrange for a terrorist to get a Yemeni passport.

His cousin, Jihad Mohammad Ali al-Makki, was one of the suicide bombers in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya.

Finally, probably in 1998, al-Nashiri is alleged to have joined al-Qaeda, reporting directly to bin Laden.

In late 1998, he conceived of a plot to attack a U.S. vessel using a boat full of explosives.

Bin Laden personally approved of the plan, and provided money for it.

First, al-Nashiri allegedly attempted to attack USS The Sullivans (DDG-68) as a part of the 2000 millennium attack plots, but the boat he used was overloaded with explosives and began to sink.

The next attempt was the USS Cole bombing, which was successful.

Seventeen U.S. sailors were killed, and many more were injured.

This terrorist attack made al-Nashiri prominent within al-Qaeda, and he allegedly was made the chief of operations for the Arabian Peninsula.

He is alleged to have headed al-Qaeda operations in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf states prior to his capture in November 2002 by the CIA's Special Activities Division.

Al-Nashiri was captured in Dubai in 2002 and held for four years in secret CIA prisons known as "black sites" in Afghanistan, Thailand, Poland, Morocco, Lithuania and Romania, before being transferred to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.

While being interrogated, al-Nashiri was waterboarded, a technique since classified as torture.

He organized the Limburg tanker bombing in 2002 of a French-flagged vessel off Yemen, and he may have planned other attacks as well.

In November 2002, al-Nashiri was captured in the United Arab Emirates.

He is in American military custody in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, having previously been held at some secret locations.

On September 29, 2004, he was sentenced to death in absentia in a Yemeni court for his role in the USS Cole bombing.

Before being transported to military custody at Guantanamo, al-Nashiri was held by the CIA at black sites in Thailand and Poland for an undisclosed amount of time.

CIA officials disagreed on al-Nashiri's role in planning the Cole bombing.

One CIA official said of al-Nashiri, "He was an idiot. He couldn't read or comprehend a comic book."

In 2005 the CIA destroyed the tapes of Nashiri's waterboarding.

In another incident he was naked and hooded and threatened with a gun and a power drill to scare him into talking.

The Department of Defense announced on August 9, 2007, that all fourteen of the "high-value detainees" who had been transferred to Guantanamo from the CIA's black sites, had been officially classified as "enemy combatants".

Although judges Peter Brownback and Keith J. Allred had ruled two months earlier that only "illegal enemy combatants" could face military commissions, the Department of Defense waived the qualifier and said that all fourteen men could now face charges before Guantanamo military commissions.

Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri was interrogated numerous times.

At a 2007 hearing in a military court, he attributed his confessions of involvement in the USS Cole bombing to torture, including waterboarding.

The details of torture that Nashiri offered at the hearing were redacted from the transcript.

Through Freedom of Information Act requests, the American Civil Liberties Union was able to acquire less redacted versions of the transcripts from Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri's Combatant Status Review Tribunal, and those of three other captives.

In December 2008, al-Nashiri was charged by the United States before a Guantanamo Military Commission.

The charges were dropped in February 2009 and reinstated in 2011.

Al-Nashiri was granted victim status in 2010 by the Polish government and a Polish prosecutor began "investigating the possible abuse of power by Polish public officials with regard to a CIA black site" in 2008.

As of 2011, al-Nashiri is on trial before a military tribunal in Guantanamo on charges of war crimes that carry the death penalty.

As it is extremely unlikely he would be freed if found not guilty, his lawyers have called the proceeding a show trial.

In April 2019, a three judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated all orders issued by Air Force Colonel Vance Spath, the presiding military judge over al-Nashiri's case from November 2015, on the grounds that Spath had failed to properly disclose his ongoing employment negotiations with the Department of Justice to al-Nashiri.