Abd al-Quddus al-Ansari

Abd al-Quddus al-Ansari (عبد القدوس الأنصاري; c. 12 February 1907 – 5 April 1983) was a Saudi Arabian historian, journalist and writer, born and raised in Medina under Ottoman and Hashemite rule into a Khazraji family.

He was born and raised in Medina c. 12 February 1907 / 29 Dhul Hajjah 1324 under Ottoman rule.

His father was a teacher at the Prophet's Mosque (Al-Masjid an-Nabawi).

His mother, Aminah bint Muhammad bin Zain al-Ansari was from Timbuktu, died when he was about four years, and his father died when he was about six years.

His maternal uncle, Muhammad al-Tayyib bin Issaq al-Ansari, became his legal guardian.

Al-Ansari studied in the Masjid al-Nabawi under a group of ulema, who were teaching in the mosque's courtyards, called "halaqat", similar to a Kuttab.

Among his most prominent teachers was his maternal uncle.

He learned his first lessons in Qiraʼat when he was seven years old, and completed Quran memorization after two more years.

He studied various religious subjects at the mosque, and also learned calligraphy from one of the Ottoman Turkish calligraphers.

When he reached the age of sixteen, he moved to the School of Sharia Sciences (Al-Madrasat ul-Ulum al-Shar'iyah) in Medina in 1922, when it was established by Ahmad Al-Fayd Abadi.

His uncle, Muhammad al-Tayyib, was a supervisor and principal in that school.

Al-Ansari obtained his graduation certificate in 1927.

The head of the Divan of the Emirate of Medina in the Hejaz and Nejd Kingdom, Ismail Hifzi, attended the public examination that was held for the students.

When Al-Ansari's success became evident to Ismail Hifzi, he invited him to join the Divan administration.

Employed by local government just after graduation from a local madrasah in 1928, he held several official positions from 1928 to 1954.

A self-taught historian and archaeologist, he was the author of works about the history of Medina and wrote about various topics of his region, the Hejaz.

After consulting his uncle, Al-Ansari agreed and on the second day after his graduation on 21 February 1928, he was sitting in his office at the Divan of the Emirate of Medina as the youngest employee.

Al-Ansari spent many years as a government employee and official.

In 1928, Al-Ansari's first article “What makes the Arabs rise up?” was published in the Al-Sharq Al-Adna magazine in Egypt.

He expressed his opinion that the Nahda was linked to a strong Arab leader.

After that, he started as a journalist and wrote in various genres for the magazines Al-Murshid Al-Arabi, Al-Sharq Al-Adna, Al-Muqtataf, Al-Risalah and Sawt Al-Hijaz, with the exception of Umm Al-Qura and Al-Manhal, for both of which he was editor-in-chief.

He also wrote literary works like The Twins (1930), the first Hejazi-Saudi novel, but his many professional activities prevented him from writing more than one novel.

He died at the age of 76 in Mecca due to an incurable disease and was buried in Al-Mu'alla Cemetery.

His full name (nasab) was Abd al-Quddus bin al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Ansari al-Barami, and both his paternal and maternal ancestors belonged to the Banu Khazraj, also known as Al-Ansar.

In late 1936, he founded Al-Manhal monthly magazine, which was famous for its continuous printing, despite crises that affected the rest of the Saudi magazines of that time, and made it the oldest Arab magazine after Al-Hilal.

In 1937, he founded “Al-Manhal” monthly magazine.

Al-Ansari published the first issue of Al-Manhal on 11 February 1937 in Medina, when he was an official employee.

He established its headquarters in Al-Anbar Street, close to the Prophet's Mosque.

Al-Manhal became known for its open attitude towards young Saudi writers, who later became prominent, including Hussain Arab, Muhammad Saeed Al-Amoudi, Ahmad Rida Huhu, Ibrahim Amin Fouda, Saleh Shata, Hamza Shehata, Abd al-Wahhab Ashi and many others.

Al-Manhal was a specialized magazine concerned with cultural and literary affairs, without popular advertisements.

After working for the divan of the Emirate of Medina until 1940, he was appointed as vice-chairman of the Emirate's board of directors.

Other posts included secretary of the Debt Settlement Committee, the Medical Aid Committee, the Charity Committee, and assistant to the Chief of the Divan in Madinah.

At the same time, he was teaching Arabic literature at the school he graduated from.

In 1940, a royal order was issued by telegram from King Ibn Saud to his deputy at the time, Faisal of Saudi Arabia, to transfer Al-Ansari to Mecca in order to edit the governmental newspaper Umm Al-Qura.

Al-Ansari worked in Mecca until 1942 as editor-in-chief of that newspaper, developing and enriching it with literary material, while also encouraging young writers to publish their creative works on its pages.

From 1942 to 1954 he held several positions, such as Secretary of the Board of Trustees, Director of State Projects and Regulations, Director of the Kingdom's Financial Affairs at the Court, and Adviser at the Prime Minister's Divan.

During that time he was appointed as a member of the Education Council under Muhammad bin Mani’ presidency.

He participated in many conferences and government committees and was assigned to Riyadh during the era of Ibn Saud to organize the affairs of affiliations, statistics and residence for the city of Riyadh.

After that, he gave up government positions and devoted himself to his literary work.

According to Mustafa Ibrahim Hussein, a biographer of Saudi Arabian literary writers, Al-Ansari's salary from his governmental positions helped him to pursue his literary and intellectual activities.