Aarne Juutilainen

Aarne Edward Juutilainen (18 October 1904 – 28 October 1976), nicknamed "Marokon kauhu" (The Terror of Morocco), was a Finnish army captain who served in the French Foreign Legion in Morocco between 1930 and 1935.

After returning to Finland, he served in the Finnish army and became a national hero in the Battle of Kollaa during the Winter War with the Soviet Union; with his relentless fighting spirit, he rose to legendary status on the war front.

He was wounded three times during World War II.

Juutilainen was born in Sortavala on 18 October 1904.

His parents were railway clerk Tuomas Juutilainen and Helmi Sofia Juutilainen née Kauppinen.

His brother was Ilmari Juutilainen, later better known as a flying ace during the wars.

Juutilainen attended school in Sortavala, where he read seven classes at Sortavala Lyceum.

Already as a young boy, he got his first contact with the war in 1918, participating in the Finnish Civil War by loading machine gun belts on the white side.

After the war, a still minor age Juutilainen tried to volunteer for the Aunus expedition, but the recruiters found that Juutilainen had forged his parents's consent to the expedition.

Nevertheless, Juutilainen decided to choose a military career as his profession.

He was athletic, and enjoyed skiing, horseback riding, fencing and pesäpallo; he was a member of the Sortavalan Viritys pesäpallo team in 1924.

He attended the Reserve Officer School in 1925 and continued his studies at the Cadet School in 1926–1927.

He had to drop out of school due to unsuitable lifestyles for the active officer and resigned from the Finnish Army in 1928.

On 20 June 1930, Juutilainen travelled to France and joined the French Foreign Legion.

He was transferred to Fort St. Nicolas in Southern France, near Marseille, and from there to Oran in Algeria.

He spent time in a Foreign Legion training camp in the town of Sidi Bel Abbès.

From there he was transferred to Fez and fought in several battles against the Berber rebels in the Atlas Mountains.

Because of his service in Morocco, he was called "The Terror of Morocco" by Finnish troops.

The war in the Atlas Mountains was long, and in 1931 the Berber offensive surrendered.

Juutilainen served in the Foreign Legion for a full five years and was rewarded with the Legion Cross and French citizenship.

The 6th Company of Infantry Regiment 34, a unit led by Lieutenant Juutilainen, also included the legendary military sniper Simo Häyhä, known as the "White Death."

During the offensive phase of the Continuation War, Juutilainen served as company commander and battalion commander in Infantry Regiment 9.

He had the reputation of the Winter War on his shoulders and his actions were closely monitored.

Juutilainen was at his best in the front line, in the middle of a fight.

He returned to Finland on 20 June 1935, by which time the southern part of Morocco was under French protectorate.

In November 1939, the Soviet Union attacked Finland, starting the Winter War.

Juutilainen served in the Finnish army during this war, notably during the Battle of Kollaa.

Major General Woldemar Hägglund's question "Will Kollaa hold?"

("Kestääkö Kollaa?") was famously answered by Lieutenant Juutilainen: "Kollaa will hold, unless the orders are to run."

("Kyllä kestää, ellei käsketä karkuun juoksemaan.")

During his command at Kollaa in December 1939, Juutilainen negotiated with Hägglund about the strategy for the Kollaa Front.

The Battle of Kollaa was strategically important.

"Unless we are told to run" meant exactly that; a week earlier, he had received a regimental order to withdraw, which he disregarded.

Afterwards, Lieutenant-Colonel and regiment commander Wilhelm Teittinen, who commanded JR/34 at the Kollaa Front, honored Juutilainen: "He created the Kollaa spirit".

("Hän loi Kollaan hengen")

By 1940, he was a captain commanding the "Moroccan company", a unit of "good shots and good skiers" who had all been decorated for bravery.

A contemporary news report described the unit as having achieved "startling victories in this sector" during the war.

Juutilainen's men called him "papa".

He used the guerilla warfare skills he learned with the French Foreign Legion to train his men.

By this time, Juutilainen had lost one finger of his right hand as a result of Russian shrapnel.